bruire

French

Etymology

From Old French, from Vulgar Latin *brūgere (attested in the third-person singular indicative form brugit), from a crossing of Latin rugīre (compare French rugir) + *bragere (whence French braire). Compare English burr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bʁɥiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

bruire

1. to make a low noise
2. to rustle
3. to rattle
4. to roar

Conjugation

• This verb is conjugated as if it ended in -ir.
• Archaic forms based on the conjugation of fuir (e.g. bruyais) may also be encountered.

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of bruire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	bruire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	bruissant /bʁɥi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		brui /bʁɥi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruit /bʁɥi/	bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/	bruissez /bʁɥi.se/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
	imperfect	bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissait /bʁɥi.sɛ/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissaient /bʁɥi.sɛ/
	past historic2	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruis /bʁɥi/	bruit /bʁɥi/	bruîmes /bʁɥim/	bruîtes /bʁɥit/	bruirent /bʁɥiʁ/
	future	bruirai /bʁɥi.ʁe/	bruiras /bʁɥi.ʁa/	bruira /bʁɥi.ʁa/	bruirons /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/	bruirez /bʁɥi.ʁe/	bruiront /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirait /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/	bruirions /bʁɥi.ʁjɔ̃/	bruiriez /bʁɥi.ʁje/	bruiraient /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruisses /bʁɥis/	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
	imperfect2	bruisse /bʁɥis/	bruisses /bʁɥis/	bruît /bʁɥi/	bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/	bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/	bruissent /bʁɥis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	bruis /bʁɥi/	—	bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/	bruissez /bʁɥi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• bruant
• bruit
• bruissement
• bruyant

Further reading

• “bruire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Italian

Verb

bruire

1. to gurgle