Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/karati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the same root as *korìti (“to reproach”), with a long root vowel that is (per Derksen) of Proto-Slavic origin.

Verb

*karati impf

1. to punish
2. to scold

Inflection

Conjugation of *karati, *kara, *karajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*karanьje	*karati	*karatъ	*karalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*karanъ	*karajemъ
Active	*karavъ	*karaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*karaxъ	*kara	*kara	*karajǫ	*karaješi	*karajetь
Dual	*karaxově	*karasta	*karaste	*karajevě	*karajeta	*karajete
Plural	*karaxomъ	*karaste	*karašę	*karajemъ	*karajete	*karajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*karaaxъ	*karaaše	*karaaše	—	*karaji	*karaji
Dual	*karaaxově	*karaašeta	*karaašete	*karajivě	*karajita	—
Plural	*karaaxomъ	*karaašete	*karaaxǫ	*karajimъ	*karajite	—

Related terms

• *kara (“punishment”)
• *korìti (“to reproach”)

• *korъ (“reproach?”)

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: карати (karati) (Serbian)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: карати (karati) (14th century)
    • Belarusian: кара́ць (karácʹ)
    • Russian: кара́ть (karátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: кара́ти (karáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ка́рам (káram)
  • Macedonian: кара (kara)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ка́рати

    Latin script: kárati

    • Chakavian : kārȁt
  • Slovene: kȃrati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kárati
    • Czech: kárat
  • Kashubian: karac
  • Polish: karać
  • Slovak: kárať (literary)
  • Slovincian: kãrăc
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: karaś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ка́ра”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 377
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*karati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кара́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress