карам

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Bulgarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈkarɐm]
  • (file)

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *karati (to accuse), an iterative counter-part to коря́ (korjá, to rebuke).

Verb[edit]

ка́рам (káram) first-singular present indicativeimpf

  1. (transitive, dialectal) to edify, to instruct
    Synonyms: поуча́вам (poučávam), назида́вам (nazidávam)
  2. (transitive, dialectal) to rebuke, to reproach, to reprimand
    Synonyms: гъ́лча (gǎ́lča), мъ́мря (mǎ́mrja), хо́кам (hókam), укоря́вам (ukorjávam), порица́вам (poricávam)
    • Сос ма ка́рай, ма́йчинко, сос ма мо́мрей! (in Rupian dialect)
      Sos ma káraj, májčinko, sos ma mómrej!
      Stop reproaching me, mother, stop reprimanding me!
Usage notes[edit]

In the standard language, this meaning is primarily expressed via reflexive ка́рам се (káram se). The transitive form typically carries the meaning of Etymology 2.

Conjugation[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *carriāre or *carreāre, from Latin carrus, ultimately of Gaulish origin. Cognate with English carry.

Verb[edit]

ка́рам (káram) first-singular present indicativeimpf

  1. (transitive) to drive, to conduct (a vehicle)
    Synonym: управля́вам (upravljávam)
    ка́рам кола́káram kolá[I] drive a car
  2. (transitive) to drive, to herd (an animal, a herd)
    Synonyms: во́дя (vódja), (dialectal) кърдя́ (kǎrdjá)
    ка́рам гове́даkáram govéda[I] herd cattle
  3. (transitive) to convey, to transport, to carry
    Synonym: во́зя (vózja)
    ка́рам това́рkáram továrto transport goods
  4. (transitive) to make, to coerce (someone do something)
    Synonyms: те́рам (téram), си́ля (sílja), принужда́вам (prinuždávam)
    ка́рам ня́кого да ...káram njákogo da ...[I] coerce someone to ...
  5. (abstracted, transitive) to undergo, to get through, to pass (endevour, situation, state of affairs)
    ка́рам грипkáram grip[I] undergo flu
    ка́рам и́зпитkáram ízpit[I] am taking an exam
    Ка́рам я ня́как си.
    Káram ja njákak si.
    I am doing fine somehow/in some way.
  6. (colloquial, figurative, transitive) to be (a certain age)
  7. (colloquial, figurative, transitive) to live, to be getting along
  8. (colloquial, transitive) to keep on (doing something), to carry out
  9. (reflexive with се) to make, to prepare oneself to do something
Conjugation[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Kyrgyz[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Persian کرم (karam), from Ancient Greek κράμβη (krámbē, cabbage).

Noun[edit]

карам (karam) (Arabic spelling قارام)

  1. cabbage

Macedonian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

карам (karam)

  1. first-person singular present of кара (kara)

Russian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

ка́рам (káramf inan pl

  1. dative plural of ка́ра (kára)

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

ка́рам (káramm inan pl

  1. dative plural of кар (kar)

Tajik[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κράμβη (krámbē, cabbage).

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

Dari کرم
Iranian Persian
Tajik карам

карам (karam)

  1. cabbage

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic كَرَم (karam).

Noun[edit]

Dari کرم
Iranian Persian
Tajik карам

карам (karam)

  1. bounty
  2. generosity
  3. magnificence