kaupa

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Estonian

Noun

kaupa

  1. partitive singular of kaup
  2. illative singular of kaup

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kaupa.

Verb

kaupa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative keypti, supine keypt)

  1. (transitive, governs the accusative) to buy
Conjugation
kaupa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að kaupa
supine
(sagnbót) 		keypt
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		kaupandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég kaupi við kaupum present
(nútíð) 		ég kaupi við kaupum
þú kaupir þið kaupið þú kaupir þið kaupið
hann, hún, það kaupir þeir, þær, þau kaupa hann, hún, það kaupi þeir, þær, þau kaupi
past
(þátíð) 		ég keypti við keyptum past
(þátíð) 		ég keypti við keyptum
þú keyptir þið keyptuð þú keyptir þið keyptuð
hann, hún, það keypti þeir, þær, þau keyptu hann, hún, það keypti þeir, þær, þau keyptu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		kaup (þú) kaupið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
kauptu kaupiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
kaupast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að kaupast
supine
(sagnbót) 		keypst
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		kaupandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég kaupist við kaupumst present
(nútíð) 		ég kaupist við kaupumst
þú kaupist þið kaupist þú kaupist þið kaupist
hann, hún, það kaupist þeir, þær, þau kaupast hann, hún, það kaupist þeir, þær, þau kaupist
past
(þátíð) 		ég keyptist við keyptumst past
(þátíð) 		ég keyptist við keyptumst
þú keyptist þið keyptust þú keyptist þið keyptust
hann, hún, það keyptist þeir, þær, þau keyptust hann, hún, það keyptist þeir, þær, þau keyptust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		- (þú) - (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
-u -i *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
keyptur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		keyptur keypt keypt keyptir keyptar keypt
accusative
(þolfall) 		keyptan keypta keypt keypta keyptar keypt
dative
(þágufall) 		keyptum keyptri keyptu keyptum keyptum keyptum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		keypts keyptrar keypts keyptra keyptra keyptra
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		keypti keypta keypta keyptu keyptu keyptu
accusative
(þolfall) 		keypta keyptu keypta keyptu keyptu keyptu
dative
(þágufall) 		keypta keyptu keypta keyptu keyptu keyptu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		keypta keyptu keypta keyptu keyptu keyptu
Derived terms
Derived terms

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Etymology 2

Noun

kaupa

  1. indefinite genitive plural of kaup

Old Norse

Etymology

Cognate with English cheap, German kaufen. Common Germanic of debated etymology:

  1. Proto-Germanic *kaupaz (noun), from Latin caupō (“tradesman”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (kaupōn, “barter”).
  2. Of native origin, going on Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kaupatjan, “strike, cuff”), which is morphologically compatible with kaupa. Senses in other languages derived by relating striking (of hands) to transaction, as with strike a bargain, slá kaup.[1]

Verb

kaupa

  1. to buy

Conjugation

Note the vowel change (kaupa – keypti).

Conjugation of kaupa — active (weak class 1)
infinitive kaupa
present participle kaupandi
past participle keyptr
indicative present past
1st-person singular kaupi keypta
2nd-person singular kaupir keyptir
3rd-person singular kaupir keypti
1st-person plural kaupum keyptum
2nd-person plural kaupið keyptuð
3rd-person plural kaupa keyptu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular kaupa keypta
2nd-person singular kaupir keyptir
3rd-person singular kaupi keypti
1st-person plural kaupim keyptim
2nd-person plural kaupið keyptið
3rd-person plural kaupi keypti
imperative present
2nd-person singular kaup, kaupi
1st-person plural kaupum
2nd-person plural kaupið
Conjugation of kaupa — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive kaupask
present participle kaupandisk
past participle keypsk
indicative present past
1st-person singular kaupumk keyptumk
2nd-person singular kaupisk keyptisk
3rd-person singular kaupisk keyptisk
1st-person plural kaupumsk keyptumsk
2nd-person plural kaupizk keyptuzk
3rd-person plural kaupask keyptusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular kaupumk keyptumk
2nd-person singular kaupisk keyptisk
3rd-person singular kaupisk keyptisk
1st-person plural kaupimsk keyptimsk
2nd-person plural kaupizk keyptizk
3rd-person plural kaupisk keyptisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular kaupsk, kaupisk
1st-person plural kaupumsk
2nd-person plural kaupizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: kaupa
  • Faroese: keypa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kaupa, kjøpa
  • Old Swedish: kø̄pa
  • Old Danish: køpæ
  • → Finnish: kauppa

References

  • “kaupa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  1. ^ George Hempl, University of Michigan. "Etymologies - Cheap, cope, coup, kaupatjan, caupo, κάπηλος, etc." Modern language notes, Volume 17, pp. 210-212. Johns Hopkins University, JSTOR, via Google Books.
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