Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ttadak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-kta- and Proto-Uralic *-pta-. Compare -вто- (-vto-) in Erzya куловтомс (kulovtoms, “to kill”) (the causative verb from куломс (kuloms, “to die”)).

Suffix

*-ttadak / *-ttädäk (stem *-tta- / *-ttä-)

1. Creates causative verbs from regular verbs, meaning "to cause to (verb)".

Inflection

Inflection of *-ttadak

Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
	present	past	imperative	optative
1st sing.	*-t'an	*-t'oin	—	*-ttagon
2nd sing.	*-t'at	*-t'oit	*-t'ak	*-ttagos
3rd sing.	*-ttapi *-tta	*-ttoi	*-ttakahën	*-ttakohën
1st plur.	*-t'akmëk *-t'akmak	*-ttoimëk *-ttoimak	*-ttakadëmëk *-ttakadamak	*-ttakodëmëk *-ttakodamak
2nd plur.	*-t'aktëk *-t'aktak	*-ttoidëk *-ttoidak	*-ttakadë *-ttakada	*-ttagot'ëk *-ttakodadak
3rd plur.	*-ttabat *-tta	*-ttoi	*-ttakahën	*-ttakohën
passive	*-t'aksën *-t'at'aksën	*-ttatihën *-t'attihën	*-ttatagasën *-t'attagasën	*-ttatagosën *-t'attagosën
connegative	*-t'ak	—	*-ttagak	*-ttagok
passive connegative	*-t'aktak	—	*-ttatagak *-t'attagak	*-ttatagok *-t'attagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*-t'akcin	*-ttoicin	*-ttanën
2nd sing.	*-t'akcit	*-ttoicit	*-ttanët
3rd sing.	*-t'akci	*-ttoici	*-ttani
1st plur.	*-t'akcimëk *-t'akcimak	*-ttoicimëk *-ttoicimak	*-ttanëmëk *-ttanëmak
2nd plur.	*-t'akcidëk *-t'akcidak	*-ttoicidëk *-ttoicidak	*-ttanëdëk *-ttanëdak
3rd plur.	*-t'akci	*-ttoici	*-ttani
passive	*-ttadakcisën *-t'at'akcisën	*-ttaticisën *-t'atticisën	*-ttatanësën *-t'attanësën
connegative	*-t'akcik	*-ttoicik	*-ttanëk
passive connegative	*-ttadakcik *-t'at'akcik	*-ttaticik *-t'atticik	*-ttatanëk *-t'attanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
			active	passive
infinitive 1	*-ttadak	present	*-ttapa	*-ttataba *-t'attaba
infinitive 2	*-ttatë-	past	*-ttanut	*-ttatu *-t'attu
gerund/supine	*-ttama
action noun	*-ttaminen

Derived terms

Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ttadak

Descendants

• Finnish: -ttaa
• Ingrian: -ttaa
• Karelian: -ttoa
• Votic: -tta

Merged with *-tadak:

• Estonian: -tama/-tada
• Livonian: -tõ
• Veps: -tada
• Võro: -tama/-taq