Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁lewdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁lewdʰ-

1. to grow
2. people

Derived terms

► Terms derived from the PIE root *h₁lewdʰ-

• *h₁léwdʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Germanic: *leudaną
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: रोधति (ródhati)
    • Iranian:
      • Young Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (raoδəṇti)
  • Tocharian: *lut-
    • Tocharian A: lut-
    • Tocharian B: lut-
• *h₁lewdʰ-is
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: ļaudis
    • Lithuanian: liaudis
    • Old Prussian: ludis
  • Slavic:
    • East Slavic:
      • Russian: лю́ди (ljúdi, “people”)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic: людиє (ljudie)
      • Bulgarian: люде (ljude)
      • Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic: људи

        Latin: ljudi

    • West Slavic:
      • Polish: lud
  • Germanic: *liudiz (“person”) (mostly used in the plural)
• *h₁lewdʰ-er-os
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros, “free”)
  • Italic: *louðeros (see there for further descendants)
    • Latin: līber (“free”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Latin: Līber (“god of growth”)
• *h₁lewdʰ-er-tos, *h₁lewdʰ-er-teh₂
  • Italic: *louðertos (“freedman”), *louðertā (“freedwoman”)
    • Faliscan: loifirta (“freedwoman”) (with *ou > *oi)
    • Latin: lībertus, līberta (with *ou > *oi)
• *h₁léwdʰ-or-teh₂-ts
  • Italic: *louðortāts (“freedom”)
    • Faliscan: loifirtas (with *ou > *oi)
    • Old Latin: loebertās (with *ou > *oi)
      • Latin: lībertās
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian: lem
  • Celtic:
    • Old Irish: lus (“plant”)
    • Welsh: llysiau
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (raoδa)
      • Baluchi: ردگ (ruddag)
      • Pashto: لويېدل (loyedal)
      • Persian: رستن (rostan)