Hai Lok Hong

English

Alternative forms

• Hailokhong, Hai-Lok-Hong, Hai-lok-hong, Hailok Hong, Hai-Lok Hong

Etymology

Possibly either Hailufeng Min 海陸豐／海陆丰 or Teochew 海陸豐／海陆丰. Compare Indonesian Hailokhong, Dutch Hailokhong. Doublet of Hailufeng.

Proper noun

Hai Lok Hong

1. (Southeast Asia, chiefly Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore) Haklau Min (a linguistic variety of Southern Min under Min Chinese of the Sinitic family)
   • 1985, Veneeta Acson, Richard L. Leed, editors, Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, Issue 20: For Gordon H. Fairbanks‎^[1], University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN:

      […]Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Chaouzhou, and Hainanese, are the most widely recognized. The Min dialect of Hailokhong (Mandarin Hailufeng) is closest to the Zhangzhou subgroup in vowel reflexes but in initial nasals is close to Chaozhou, a conservative feature. Hailokhong is noteworthy for being the only current SM dialect preserving a distinction between e and ei as in be³ 'horse' 馬 and bei³ 'buy' 買. (More information on Hailokhong is given in Bodman 1982b pp.620-21. The Min dialect must be distinguished from the Hakka dialect of Hailu […]

   • 1998, Peck Yang Twang, The Chinese Business Élite in Indonesia and the Transition to Independence, 1940-1950‎^[2], Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

      […]and the Hinhua did not seem to have leaders of such calibre. The situation in Sumatra was probably more telling. There were few Hokchia moneylenders in the east coast of Sumatra as the occupation was dominated not by the Chinese but by the Chettiar. But Chinese plantation workers of the Hailokhong dialect group (administratively classified under the Teochew) and other dialect groups intermarried with Indonesians.144 Though less conspicuous, intermarriage also took place between totok petty traders and Indonesian […]

Noun

Hai Lok Hong (plural Hai Lok Hong or Hai Lok Hongs)

1. (Southeast Asia, chiefly Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore) a person who traces his/her ancestry to Hailufeng or the surrounding area
   • 1968, Emily Sadka, The Protected Malay States, 1874-1895‎^[3], Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press:

      […]Hai-Lok-Hong sinkhehs ( a composite term for the Hai Hong and Lok Hong districts in Kwangtung province ) to pay back twice the amount of their real debt.2 The Labour Code of 1895 limited verbal contracts to thirty days and laid down […]

   • 1973, 南洋大學學報‎^[4], volumes 7-9, Singapore: 新加坡南洋大學 [Singapore Nanyang University]:

      […] For instance, the Kelang Lama area (Fig. 3) was initially inhabited by Hakkas growing tapioca; the Teochius particularly from the Teoh Yeoh District (潮陽縣), 300 to 400 strong, occupied Keladi, and the Hailokhong (海陸豐) were located in the Belakang Tebok, both practising mixed-farming and pig-rearing. In the case of the contracted labourers, although the working conditions had been improved under British rule, abuses and harsh exploitations on the part of the […]

   • 1983, Archipel‎^[5], volumes 25-26, SECMI - Société pour l'étude et la connaissance du monde insulindien, Association Archipel, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, École des hautes études en sciences sociales:

      […]the Chinese community in Medan. He had left a wife behind in China and married a peranakan girl from Penang. After the death of this second wife, he married another peranakan girl whose father was a Hai Lok Hong, descendants of Southern Chinese fighters and pirates. This girl who was to be Queeny's mother had a rebellious character, but proved to be a good choice to help him to entertain his distinguished guests which included the Sultan of Deli and the high officials from the Dutch community. […]

   • 1989, Jan Breman, Taming the Coolie Beast: Plantation Society and the Colonial Order in Southeast Asia‎^[6], Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

     A Hailokhong is boisterous, hot-tempered and flares up easily; Keh and Macao calmer and more forbearing although more inclined to kill anyone they hate, or to make plans for doing so. The Hailokhong is usually considered to be the best cultivator, is stronger and better able to do heavy work than the other clans who, on the other hand, are more careful and  […]

   • 2016 May 15, Queeny Chang, Memories of a Nonya‎^[7], Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd, →ISBN:

      […] Pangkalan Brandan was the most difficult and the least enviable. The Chinese in that region were mostly Hai Lok Hongs, descendants of Southern Chinese fighters and pirates, unruly and fearless; but grandfather Lim, himself a Hai Lok Hong, had them well under control.

Adjective

Hai Lok Hong (not comparable)

1. (Southeast Asia, chiefly Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore) of or relating to the linguistic variety under Southern Min under Min Chinese of the Sinitic family and its speakers or people of heritage from Hailufeng
   • 1955, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society‎^[8], page 134:

      […]Wong Ying (Captain Macao), Hin Sam (Captain Kheh), Lam Sam (Kheh), Lam Be (Hai-lok-hong). The Gi-Hin Kongsi has existed in the town of Klang from the year Jini Ngo, corresponding to the English year 1862, when Hin Sui was Captain. The Gi-Hin Kongsi house was at Ampang. The men who established the […]

   • 2002 November 21, Dirk Hoerder, Cultures in Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium‎^[9], Duke University Press, →ISBN, page 437:

      […]principalities, eighty-eight Britons, forty Swiss, twelve Frenchmen, eleven Austrians, and twenty-four men from seven other nationalities. Clerks and overseers included Overseas Chinese, Euro-Chinese, and Sinjos (of mixed origin). The workers included Chinese who were Hailokhong, Keh, or from Macao; Indians who were Klings and Bengalese; Siamese, Tamils, and Malays from the multiethnic Straits Settlements; Bataks from Sumatra and Malayan Gajoes, Alas, and Mandailingers; Beweanese and Bandjeranasin from other islands-in addition to local peoples. Colonial societies were multicultural and hierarchical.