Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uz-

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ud-s- (“up, out”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“up, out”); or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *u-s- (“off, from”), related to Latin au-, Sanskrit अव- (ava-, “off, down”). Etymologically identical with Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).

Prefix

*uz-

1. up, out

Derived terms

Proto-Germanic verbs prefixed with *uz-

Proto-Germanic nonverbs prefixed with *uz-

See also

• *uz

Descendants

The descendants differ depending on whether the prefix was unstressed (in verbs) or stressed (in other parts of speech):

Stressed:

• Old English: or-
  • Middle English: or-
    • English: or-
• Old Frisian: or-
  • Saterland Frisian: uur-
  • West Frisian: oar-
• Old Saxon: ur-, or-
  • Middle Low German: or-
    • German Low German: oor-
• Old Dutch: ur-, or-
  • Middle Dutch: or-, oor-
    • Dutch: oor-
• Old High German: ur-
  • German: ur-
    • → English: ur-
    • → Dutch: oer-
• Gothic: 𐌿𐍃- (us-)

Unstressed:

• Old English: ā-, ǣ-
  • Middle English: a-
    • English: a-
• Old Saxon: ā-
  • Middle Low German: er-
• Old Dutch: ir-, ā-
  • Middle Dutch: er-
    • Dutch: er-
• Old High German: ir-, er-
  • Middle High German: er-
    • German: er-
      • → Swedish: er-
• Gothic: 𐌿𐍃- (us-)