Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrōts

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wrɔːts/

Noun

*wrōts f

1. root

Inflection

The original stem ablaut was initially preserved, but lexical split already occurred within the Proto-Germanic period.

consonant stemDeclension of *wrōts (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wrōts	*wrōtiz
vocative	*wrōt	*wrōtiz
accusative	*wrōtų	*wrōtunz
genitive	*wurtiz	*wurtǫ̂
dative	*wurti	*wurtumaz
instrumental	*wurtē	*wurtumiz

Derived terms

• *urtiz
• *wurtwaluz (compound with *waluz)
  • Old English: wyrtwalu
  • Old Frisian: wirtel, wortel
    • West Frisian: woartel, wurtel
  • Old Saxon:
    • Middle Low German: wortele
      • German Low German: Wortel, Wörtel, Wuttel, Wuddel
  • Old Dutch: *wurtala
    • Middle Dutch: wortele
      • Dutch: wortel (“root, carrot”)
        • Afrikaans: wortel (“carrot, square root”)
        • Negerhollands: wortel, wolter
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: wotl (“carrot”)
        • → Indonesian: akar (“square root, root”) (semantic loan)
        • → Indonesian: wortel (“carrot”)
      • Limburgish: wórtel
  • Old High German: wurzala
    • Middle High German: wurzel
      • German: Wurzel
      • Luxembourgish: Wuerzel
      • Vilamovian: wücuł
      • Yiddish: וואָרצל (vortsl)

Related terms

• *wurt- (oblique stem) (see there for further descendants)
• *wurtijō

Descendants

See also descendants at the oblique stem (*wurt-).

• Old Norse: rót
  • Icelandic: rót
  • Faroese: rót
  • Norwegian: rot
  • Old Swedish: rōt
    • Swedish: rot
  • Danish: rod
  • Gutnish: rot
  • → Old English: rōt
    • Middle English: rote, root, roote, rot, rotæ
      • English: root
      • Scots: ruit, rute