Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žędlo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From an earlier *želdlo, formed as *želti (“to bite, to tingle”) +‎ *-dlo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *geldla, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-dʰlo-m, from *gʷelH- (“to quell, to stroke”). The nasalization is secondary, result of disimilation *-ldl- > *-ndl- (a similar development occurred in *dętelъ (“woodpecker”), from an earlier *delb-telъ).

Akin to Lithuanian geluonìs (“stinger”), Latvian dzelonis (“stinger”), and Ancient Greek βέλος (bélos, “arrow, needle”).

Noun

*žędlo n

1. stinger

Alternative forms

• *žilo (confused as a derivative of the intensive counterpart *ziliti of *želti)

Declension

Declension of *žędlo (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žędlo	*žędlě	*žędla
genitive	*žędla	*žędlu	*žędlъ
dative	*žędlu	*žędloma	*žędlomъ
accusative	*žędlo	*žędlě	*žędla
instrumental	*žędlъmь, *žędlomь*	*žędloma	*žędly
locative	*žędlě	*žędlu	*žędlěxъ
vocative	*žędlo	*žędlě	*žędla

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *žędliti (“to sting”)
• *žędlь (“accute pain”) (later amalgamated with *žalь (“grief, sorrow”))
• *žędlъka (“nettles”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: жѩло (žjęlo)
  • Belarusian: жало́ (žaló)
  • Russian: жало́ (žaló)
  • Ukrainian: жало́ (žaló)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: жѧло (žęlo)
  • Bulgarian: жило (žilo), dial. жело (želo)
  • Macedonian: жило (žilo)
  • Slovene: žélo
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: żądło
  • Kashubian: žangło
  • Polabian: zǫdlü

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жало”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жело”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 533
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жило”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 546