Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-dlo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-tlom / *-dʰlom.

Suffix

*-dlo n

1. Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.

   *oràti (“to plow”) → *òrdlo (“plow”)

   *česàti (“to comb”) → *česadlo (“comb”)

   *pьsàti (“to write”) → *pisadlo (“pencil”)

   *mě̀riti (“to measure”) → *měridlo (“scales”)

   *kadìti (“to smoke”) → *kadìdlo (“incense”)

   *žerti (“to eat”) → *gъ̀rdlo (“throat”)

   *mỳti (“to wash”) → *mỳdlo (“soap”)

   *šìti (“to sew”) → *šidlo (“awl”)

Declension

Declension of *-dlo (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-dlo	*-dlě	*-dla
genitive	*-dla	*-dlu	*-dlъ
dative	*-dlu	*-dloma	*-dlomъ
accusative	*-dlo	*-dlě	*-dla
instrumental	*-dlъmь, *-dlomь*	*-dloma	*-dly
locative	*-dlě	*-dlu	*-dlěxъ
vocative	*-dlo	*-dlě	*-dla

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *-slo

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-dlo

Descendants

Note the loss of d from -dlo in South and East Slavic languages but its presentation in West Slavic ones.

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -ло (-lo)
    • Belarusian: -ла (-la) (unstressed), -ло (-lo) (stressed)
    • Russian: -ло (-lo)
    • Ukrainian: -ло (-lo)
  • Old Novgorodian: -гло (-glo)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: -ло (-lo)

    Glagolitic: -ⰾⱁ (-lo)

  • Bulgarian: -ло (-lo)
  • Macedonian: -ло (-lo)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -ло

    Latin script: -lo

  • Slovene: -lo

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: -dlo
  • Polabian: -dlü
  • Polish: -dło
  • Slovak: -dlo
  • Slovincian: -dło
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: -dło
    • Upper Sorbian: -dło

• Non-Slavic languages:
  • → Esperanto: -ilo
    • Ido: -ilo

References

• Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎^[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32