Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kręnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From an earlier *krętnǫti, formed as *krętati (“to languish, to perturb”) +‎ *-nǫti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kert- (“to cut, to turn”) (or possibly from a depalatalized form of Proto-Indo-European *ḱert- (“to increase, to grow”)).

Verb

*kręnǫ̀ti pf (imperfective *krętati)

1. to lift, to transit

   Synonym: *dvignǫti

2. to move barely

Inflection

Conjugation of *kręnǫti, *kręnǫ, *kręnetь (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kręnovenьje	*kręnǫti	*kręnǫtъ	*kręnǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kręnovenъ	—
Active	*kręnǫvъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kręnǫxъ	*kręnǫ	*kręnǫ	*kręnǫ	*kręneši	*kręnetь
Dual	*kręnǫxově	*kręnǫsta	*kręnǫste	*kręnevě	*kręneta	*kręnete
Plural	*kręnǫxomъ	*kręnǫste	*kręnǫšę	*kręnemъ	*kręnete	*kręnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*kręni	*kręni
Dual	—	—	—	*kręněvě	*kręněta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*kręněmъ	*kręněte	—

Notes:
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Related terms

• *kortъ (“grade, period”)
  • *kortъkъ (“short”)
• *kortiti (“to complete, to cut”)
• *kъrtiti (“to wreck”)
• *krotъ (“meekness”)
  • *krotъkъ (“meek, mild”)
• *krǫtъ (“tough, abrupt”)
• *krǫtьnъ (“cruel”)

Derived terms

• *kręniti (“to turn”)
• *kręnovati (“to wend”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: крану́ць (kranúcʹ)
  • Russian: кря́нуть (krjánutʹ)
  • (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: крѧнѫти (kręnǫti)
  • Bulgarian: крѐна (krèna), крѐвам (krèvam), dial. кретнува̀м (kretnuvàm)
  • Macedonian: крене (krene)
  • Serbo-Croatian: krénuti
  • Slovene: krenīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: křátnouti

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кря́нуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krętnǫti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 147
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кревам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 728