Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Substantivized neuter of Proto-Balto-Slavic *kártas (“localized, concise”) (attested in adjectival form as a part of compounds), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartaĩ), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”) and further related to Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakər^ət̰, “once”).

Noun

*kõrtъ m

1. moment of time, occurence

   Synonym: *razъ

2. (as a part of adverbs) instance

   *kratě ― once

   *dъva, tri kraty ― twice, thrice

   *mъnogo kraty ― multiple times

Declension

Declension of *kõrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kõrtъ	*kōrtà	*kōrtì
genitive	*kōrtà	*kōrtù	*kõrtъ
dative	*kōrtù	*kōrtòma	*kōrtòmъ
accusative	*kõrtъ	*kōrtà	*kōrtỳ
instrumental	*kōrtъ̀mь, *kōrtòmь*	*kōrtòma	*kõrty
locative	*kōrtě̀	*kōrtù	*kõrtěxъ
vocative	*korte	*kōrtà	*kōrtì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *kortьnъ (“discrete”)
• *edьnokortьnъ (“one-time”)

Related terms

• *kortiti (“to cut short”)
  • *kortežь (“shortage”)
• *kortostь (“brevity”)
• *kortъkъ (“short, brief”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: кратъ (kratŭ)
    • → Russian: крат (krat)
  • Bulgarian: крат (krat, “unit of measure”) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -крат

    Latin script: -krat

  • Slovene: kràt (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: krát
  • Polish: -kroć
  • Slovak: -krát
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: -krot
    • Upper Sorbian: -kroć

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кра́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kortъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 99
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крат”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 721