Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *pьcьlъ
• *pьkъlo

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pìkis, *pìkulas, from Proto-Indo-European *peyk- (“to carve, to hew”). Effectively, equivalent to *pьkъ (“nick, slit”) +‎ *-ъlъ. Cognate with Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pìkis (“pitch”), Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”), Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”). The Latvian, and Lithuanian forms are considered borrowings from German while the Prussian form may be a borrowing from Polish.

Noun

*pьkъlъ m

1. pitch
2. hell

Declension

Declension of *pьkъlъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pьkъlъ	*pьkъla	*pьkъli
genitive	*pьkъla	*pьkъlu	*pьkъlъ
dative	*pьkъlu	*pьkъloma	*pьkъlomъ
accusative	*pьkъlъ	*pьkъla	*pьkъly
instrumental	*pьkъlъmь, *pьkъlomь*	*pьkъloma	*pьkъly
locative	*pьkъlě	*pьkъlu	*pьkъlěxъ
vocative	*pьkъle	*pьkъla	*pьkъli

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic:
    • Russian: пе́кло n (péklo)
    • Ukrainian: пе́кло n (péklo)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: пькълъ m (pĭkŭlŭ) пьцьлъ m (pĭcĭlŭ)

    Unspecified script:

    • Church Slavonic (Russian recension): пькълъ m (pĭkŭlŭ)
  • Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: па̀као m

    Latin script: pàkao m

    • Chakavian : pakȏl
    • Chakavian : pakál
    • Chakavian : pakãl
    • Chakavian : pakå̃
  • Slovene: pekel m
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: peklo n
  • Lower Sorbian: pjakło n
  • Old Polish: pkieł m
    • Polish: piekło n
      • → Lithuanian: peklà
  • Slovak: peklo n
  • Slovincian: pìe̯klɵ n

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pьcьlъ; *pьkъlъ; *pьkъlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 426
• Derksen, Rick (2015) “pikis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пе́кло”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress