Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-.

Slavic may have inherited two synchronic forms from the same root:

• thematic present with fixed accent;
• athematic sigmatic aorist with mobile.

Verb

*vertì

1. to shove, to thrust, to prod

   Synonyms: *pьxati, *sovati

Inflection

Conjugation of *verti, *ver, *vьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vьrtьje	*verti	*vertъ	*vьrlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vьrtъ	*vьromъ
Active	*vьrъ	*vьry

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*verxъ	*ver	*ver	*vьrǫ	*vьreši	*vьretь
Dual	*verxově	*versta	*verste	*vьrevě	*vьreta	*vьrete
Plural	*verxomъ	*verste	*veršę	*vьremъ	*vьrete	*vьrǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrěaxъ	*vьrěaše	*vьrěaše	—	*vьri	*vьri
Dual	*vьrěaxově	*vьrěašeta	*vьrěašete	*vьrěvě	*vьrěta	—
Plural	*vьrěaxomъ	*vьrěašete	*vьrěaxǫ	*vьrěmъ	*vьrěte	—

Notes:
• (*)*vьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

• Intensive vŗddhi-form in derivatives: *-virati

Derived terms

• *jьzverti, *vyverti
• *naverti
• *otъverti
• *proverti
• *sъverti
• *vъverti
• *uverti
• *zaverti
• *verěja (“gatepost”)
• *verťa (“sack”)
• *-vorъ, *-vora
  • *ob(v)orъ (“barn”), *ob(v)ora (“string”)
  • *otъvorъ (“opening”)
  • *sъvora (“staple”)
  • *zavorъ (“closure”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: вере́ть (verétʹ) (obsolete)
    • ⇒ Russian: вера́ть (verátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: врѣти (vrěti)
    • ⇒ Romanian: vârî
  • Bulgarian: вра́ (vrá)
  • Slovene: vẹ́rti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Polish: wrzeć (“to squeeze, press”)

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вера́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вра”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 177