Reconstruction:Old Persian/xšaθram

This Old Persian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Old Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Median *xšaθram, from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám.

Noun

*xšaθram

alternative form of 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaçam⁠/): realm, kingship

Descendants

Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭲𐭫𐭩 (štly /⁠šahr⁠/)
- Classical Persian: شَهْر (šahr), شار (šâr)
  - Dari: شَهْر (šahr)
  - Iranian Persian: شَهْر (šahr)
  - Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)
  - → Azerbaijani: şəhər
  - → Assamese: চহৰ (sohor)
  - → Bengali: শহর (śohor)
  - → Crimean Tatar: şeer
  - → Dhivehi: ޝަހަރު (šaharu), ސަހަރު (saharu)
  - → Gujarati: શહેર (śaher)
  - → Gurani: شار (şar)
  - → Hindustani:
    Hindi: शहर (śahar)
    → Nepali: शहर (śahar), सहर (sahar)
    → Kusunda: səhər
    Urdu: شَہْر (śahr)
  - → Karachay-Balkar: шахар (şaxar)
  - → Kashmiri: شَہَر (śahar)
  - → Kazakh: шаһар (şahar)
  - → Khakas: шаар (şaar), шар (şar)
  - → Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)
  - → Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)
  - → Marathi: शहर (śahar)
  - → Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir), շէհիր (şehir) — Armeno-Turkish
    - Turkish: şehir
    - → Albanian: sheher
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      - Latin script: šȅher
      - Cyrillic script: ше̏хер
  - → Odia: ସହର (sahara)
  - → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir)
    Shahmukhi script: شہر (śahir)
  - → Sindhi: شَهَرُ (śaharu)
  - → Udi: шаьгьаьр (šähär)
  - → Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)
  - → Uzbek: shahar