Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-iyā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂, cognate to Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

Suffix

*-iyā f

1. Forms abstract nouns from adjectives.

   ‎*trougokaros (“merciful”) + ‎*-iyā → ‎*trougokariyā (“mercy”)

Usage notes

• Do not confuse this suffix for *-yā, which has different phonetic outcomes in Brittonic.

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-iyā	*-iyai	*-iyās
vocative	*-iyā	*-iyai	*-iyās
accusative	*-iyam	*-iyai	*-iyāms
genitive	*-iyās	*-iyous	*-iyom
dative	*-iyāi	*-iyābom	*-iyābos
locative	*-iyai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*-iyābim	*-iyābis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *-eð
  • Cornish: -edh
  • Middle Welsh: -eð
    • Welsh: -edd
• Old Irish: -e
  • Irish: -e