Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/didāti

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti. Cognate with Latin and Lithuanian dúoti.

Verb

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*didāti[1][2]

  1. to give

Inflection

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Athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₃-final root, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *didāmi *didamam ? *dedū
2nd singular *didāsi *didatās ? *dedūs
3rd singular *didāti *didato ? *dedū
1st plural *didamosi *didamo ? *dedamo
2nd plural *didatesi *didastē ? *dedate
3rd plural *didonti *didanto ? *dedars
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *dāsū ?
2nd singular *dāsesi ? *didā
3rd singular *dāseti ? *didātou
1st plural *dāsomosi ? *didamos
2nd plural *dāsetesi ? *didate
3rd plural *dāsonti ? *didontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *didār ?
2nd singular *didātar ?
3rd singular *didātor ? ?
1st plural *didammor ?
2nd plural *didadwe ?
3rd plural *didontor ? ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *dāsūr
2nd singular *dāsetar
3rd singular *dāsetor
1st plural *dāsommor
2nd plural *dāsedwe
3rd plural *dāsontor

Reconstruction notes

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  • According to KPV and Darling, this verb was originally reduplicated.[1][2] In Insular Celtic (and Gaulish as well, if the imperative da is of any indication, unless that imperative is from a root aorist[3]), the reduplication was lost, yielding *dāti, but signs of a reduplicated present persisted in Celtiberian; but even there, the imperative lost reduplication.
  • This verb had a reduplicated preterite in the simplex, as attested in Celtiberian and Gaulish. However, this preterite formation may be replaced with an s-preterite when this verb was prefixed, as Gaulish and Old Irish show.
  • It can be difficult to distinguish derivatives of this verb and derivatives of *didīti (to put, place).

Derived terms

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  • *ɸroaddāti
    • Old Irish: do·rat (prefixed further with *to-)
    • Gaulish: readdas (3sg. pret.)
  • *eɸidāti

Descendants

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 265-267
  2. 2.0 2.1 Darling, Mark (2020) The Subjunctive in Celtic: Studies in Historical Phonology and Morphology[1], University of Cambridge, →DOI, pages 162-164
  3. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 221-222

Further reading

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