Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/galnati
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“able, powerful”). Akin to Lithuanian galėti (“to be able”), Proto-Slavic *golěmъ (“powerful”).
Verb[edit]
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*galnati[1]
Inflection[edit]
Like with all nasal-infix athematic verbs, the original conjugation of this verb was entirely discarded in Brythonic. The conjugation must be inferred from similarly-formed verbs. Since the verb is not attested in Goidelic, the preterite cannot be determined. Due to the laryngeal of the root being unknown, the pre-leveling ablaut of the present-tense nasal infix in the singular cannot be known, either.
| Athematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *galnami | *galnamam | *giglāsū | ? |
| 2nd singular | *galnasi | *galnatās | *giglāsesi | ? |
| 3rd singular | *galnati | *galnato | *giglāseti | ? |
| 1st plural | *galnamosi | *galnamo | *giglāsomosi | ? |
| 2nd plural | *galnatesi | *galnastē | *giglāsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *galnanti | *galnanto | *giglāsonti | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *galasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *galasesi | ? | *galna | |
| 3rd singular | *galaseti | ? | *galnatou | |
| 1st plural | *galasomosi | ? | *galnamos | |
| 2nd plural | *galasetesi | ? | *galnate | |
| 3rd plural | *galasonti | ? | *galnantou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *galnar | — | *giglāsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *galnatar | — | *giglāsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *galnator | ? | *giglāsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *galnammor | — | *giglāsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *galnadwe | — | *giglāsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *galnantor | ? | *giglāsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *galasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *galasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *galasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *galasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *galasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *galasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *glātos | *glātou | *glātoi |
| vocative | *glāte | *glātou | *glātoi |
| accusative | *glātom | *glātou | *glātoms |
| genitive | *glātī | *glātous | *glātom |
| dative | *glātūi | *glātobom | *glātobos |
| instrumental | *glātū | *glātobim | *glātobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *glātā | *glātai | *glātās |
| vocative | *glātā | *glātai | *glātās |
| accusative | *glātam | *glātai | *glātams |
| genitive | *glātās | *glātous | *glātom |
| dative | *glātai | *glātābom | *glātābos |
| instrumental | *? | *glātābim | *glātābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *glātom | *glātou | *glātā |
| vocative | *glātom | *glātou | *glātā |
| accusative | *glātom | *glātou | *glātā |
| genitive | *glātī | *glātous | *glātom |
| dative | *glātūi | *glātobom | *glātobos |
| instrumental | *glātū | *glātobim | *glātobis |
Derived terms[edit]
- *Galnos
- → Latin: gallus (“a Gaul”)
Descendants[edit]
Related terms[edit]
- *Galatis (formation in *-tis)
- →⇒ Ancient Greek: Γαλάτης (Galátēs) (see there for further descendants)
References[edit]
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gal-n-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 149-150