Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skarati

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerH- (“to divide”).

Verb

*skarati

1. to separate
2. to divide

Inflection

Athematic present, s-preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*skarami	*skaramam	?	*skarasam
2nd singular	*skarasi	*skaratās	?	*skarass
3rd singular	*skarati	*skarato	?	*skarast
1st plural	*skaramosi	*skaramo	?	*skarasme
2nd plural	*skaratesi	*skarastē	?	*skaraste
3rd plural	*skaranti	*skaranto	?	*skarasant
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*skarasū	?	—
2nd singular	*skarasesi	?	*skara
3rd singular	*skaraseti	?	*skaratou
1st plural	*skarasomosi	?	*skaramos
2nd plural	*skarasetesi	?	*skarate
3rd plural	*skarasonti	?	*skarantou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*skarar	—	?	?
2nd singular	*skaratar	—	?	?
3rd singular	*skarator	?	?	?
1st plural	*skarammor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*skaradwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*skarantor	?	?	*skarasanto
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*skarasūr	—	—
2nd singular	*skarasetar	—	—
3rd singular	*skarasetor	—	—
1st plural	*skarasommor	—	—
2nd plural	*skarasedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*skarasontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle

masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skarants	*skarante	*skarantes
vocative	*skarants	*skarante	*skarantes
accusative	*skarantam	*skarante	*skarantans
genitive	*skarantos	*?	*skarantom
dative	*skarantei	*skarantbom	*skarantbos
instrumental	*skarantī?	*skarantbim	*skarantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skarantī	*skarantī	*skarantiyās
vocative	*skarantī	*skarantī	*skarantiyās
accusative	*skarantīm	*skarantī	*skarantiyans
genitive	*skarantyās	*?	*skarantyom
dative	*skarantyāi	*skarantyābom	*skarantyābos
instrumental	*?	*skarantyābim	*skarantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skarant	*?	*skaranta
vocative	*skarant	*?	*skaranta
accusative	*skarant	*?	*skaranta
genitive	*skarantos	*?	*skarantom
dative	*skarantei	*?	*skarantbos
instrumental	*skarantī?	*?	*skarantbis

Declension of the middle participle

masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skaramnos	*skaramnou	*skaramnoi
vocative	*skaramne	*skaramnou	*skaramnoi
accusative	*skaramnom	*skaramnou	*skaramnons
genitive	*skaramnī	*skaramnous	*skaramnom
dative	*skaramnūi	*skaramnobom	*skaramnobos
instrumental	*skaramnū	*skaramnobim	*skaramnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skaramnā	*skaramnai	*skaramnās
vocative	*skaramnā	*skaramnai	*skaramnās
accusative	*skaramnam	*skaramnai	*skaramnans
genitive	*skaramnās	*skaramnous	*skaramnom
dative	*skaramnai	*skaramnābom	*skaramnābos
instrumental	*?	*skaramnābim	*skaramnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skaramnom	*skaramnou	*skaramnā
vocative	*skaramnom	*skaramnou	*skaramnā
accusative	*skaramnom	*skaramnou	*skaramnā
genitive	*skaramnī	*skaramnous	*skaramnom
dative	*skaramnūi	*skaramnobom	*skaramnobos
instrumental	*skaramnū	*skaramnobim	*skaramnobis

Derived terms

• *dī-skarati
  • Middle Breton: disquer (3sg. pres.), disquaras (3sg. pret.)

Related terms

• *skorīti (o-grade causative)
  • Old Irish: scuirid
• *skoros (verbal noun to *skorīti)
  • Old Irish: scor
    • Irish: scor

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic:
  • Old Breton: scarat
    • Breton: skarat
  • Middle Welsh: ysgar
    • Welsh: ysgaru
• Old Irish: scaraid
  • Irish: scar
  • Scottish Gaelic: sgar
  • Manx: scarr