Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/togos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Formed with *-os, serving as the verbal noun to *tog-ī- (whence Old Irish in·tuigethar). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”), whence also *tegos (“house”).

The neuter gender of the Old Irish derivatives must be analogical, either after *tegos or other prefixed verbal nouns in *-om.

Noun

*togos m

1. covering
2. roof

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*togos	*togou	*togoi
vocative	*toge	*togou	*togūs
accusative	*togom	*togou	*togoms
genitive	*togī	*togous	*togom
dative	*togūi	*togobom	*togobos
locative	*togei	*?	*?
instrumental	*togū	*togobim	*togūis

Derived terms

• *en-togos
  • Old Irish: étach n
• *to-ambi-togos
  • Old Irish: timthach n

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *toɣ
  • Middle Breton: toenn
    • Breton: to
  • Old Cornish: to
  • Welsh: to

Related terms

• *togyā
• *tog-ī- (o-grade causative verb)
  • ⇒ Old Irish: in·tuigethar