Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hirnudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an onomatopoetic root with the suffix + *-udak.
Verb
[edit]- to neigh
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *hirnudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *hirnun | *hirnuin | — | *hirnugon |
| 2nd sing. | *hirnut | *hirnuit | *hirnuk | *hirnugos |
| 3rd sing. | *hirnubi *hirnu |
*hirnui | *hirnugasën | *hirnugosën |
| 1st plur. | *hirnukmëk *hirnukmak |
*hirnuimëk *hirnuimak |
*hirnugatëmëk *hirnugatamak |
*hirnugotëmëk *hirnugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *hirnuktëk *hirnuktak |
*hirnuidëk *hirnuidak |
*hirnugatë *hirnugata |
*hirnugot'ëk *hirnugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *hirnubat *hirnu |
*hirnui | *hirnugasën | *hirnugosën |
| passive | *hirnuksën *hirnut'aksën |
*hirnudisën *hirnuttisën |
*hirnudakahën *hirnuttakahën |
*hirnudakohën *hirnuttakohën |
| connegative | *hirnuk | — | *hirnugak | *hirnugok |
| passive connegative | *hirnuktak | — | *hirnudagak *hirnuttagak |
*hirnudagok *hirnuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *hirnukcin | *hirnuicin | *hirnunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *hirnukcit | *hirnuicit | *hirnunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *hirnukci | *hirnuici | *hirnuni | |
| 1st plur. | *hirnukcimëk *hirnukcimak |
*hirnuicimëk *hirnuicimak |
*hirnunëmëk *hirnunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *hirnukcidëk *hirnukcidak |
*hirnuicidëk *hirnuicidak |
*hirnunëdëk *hirnunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *hirnukci | *hirnuici | *hirnuni | |
| passive | *hirnudakcihën *hirnut'akcihën |
*hirnudicihën *hirnutticihën |
*hirnudanëhën *hirnuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *hirnukcik | *hirnuicik | *hirnunëk | |
| passive connegative | *hirnudakcik *hirnut'akcik |
*hirnudicik *hirnutticik |
*hirnudanëk *hirnuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *hirnudak | present | *hirnuba | *hirnudapa *hirnuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *hirnudë- | past | *hirnunut | *hirnudu *hirnuttu |
| gerund/supine | *hirnuma | |||
| action noun | *hirnuminen | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: hirnuma/hirnuda
- Finnish: hirnua
- → Northern Sami: hirdnut
- Ingrian: hirnua, hernua
- Karelian:
- Livvi: hirnuo
- Ludian: hirnuda
- Veps: hirnuda
- Võro: hirnma/hirnuq
- Votic: irnua, (Mati) irnaa
Further reading
[edit]- “hirnuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN