Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tarkka
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Original sense "sharp". Has the variant *tarkëda, *tärkedä. If related to Erzya тарка (tarka, “place”) and Erzya тарго (targo, “week”), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tarka, but this is uncertain due to the semantic gap. Has also been compared with Proto-Germanic *starkuz, but the semantic and phonetic differences seem insuperable. More recently, another Germanic word has also been put forward as a potential origin: Proto-Germanic *strakaz.[1]
Adjective
[edit]*tarkka[2]
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *tarkka
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tarkka | *tark'at | |
| accusative | *tark'an | *tark'at | |
| genitive | *tark'an | *tarkkadën *tarkkoidën | |
| partitive | *tarkkada | *tarkkoida | |
| inessive | *tark'assa *tark'ahna |
*tark'oissa *tark'oihna | |
| elative | *tark'asta | *tark'oista | |
| illative | *tarkkahën | *tarkkoihën | |
| adessive | *tark'alla | *tark'oilla | |
| ablative | *tark'alta | *tark'oilta | |
| allative | *tarkkalën *tarkkalëk |
*tarkkoilën *tarkkoilëk | |
| essive | *tarkkana | *tarkkoina | |
| translative | *tark'aksi | *tark'oiksi | |
| instructive | *tark'an | *tark'oin | |
| comitative | *tarkkanëk | *tarkkoinëk | |
| abessive | *tark'atta | *tark'oitta | |
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: tark
- Finnish: tarkka
- Ingrian: tarkka
- Karelian: tarkka
- Livvi: tarku
- Ludian: tark
- Veps: tark
- Võro: tark
- Votic: tarkkõ
References
[edit]- ^ Metsäranta, Niklas: Ein Fall für zwei (oder drei) – Liquid metathesis substitution in Germanic loanwords in Finnic: old and new cases. E litoribus Balticis etymologiae. pp. 105–115. Uralica Helsingiensia 15. Helsinki 2024 [1]
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*tarkka”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)
Further reading
[edit]- “tark”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012