Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsarną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiː.sɑr.nɑ̃/

Noun

*īsarną n

1. iron

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *īsarną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*īsarną	*īsarnō
vocative	*īsarną	*īsarnō
accusative	*īsarną	*īsarnō
genitive	*īsarnas, *īsarnis	*īsarnǫ̂
dative	*īsarnai	*īsarnamaz
instrumental	*īsarnō	*īsarnamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *īsarn
  • Old English: īsern, īren, īsen
    • Middle English: iren, eren, irne, iron, isen
      • English: iron
        • → Marshallese: aen
      • Scots: airn, ern, irne
      • Yola: eeren
  • Old Frisian: īsern
    • North Frisian: jaarn
    • Saterland Frisian: Iersen
    • West Frisian: izer
  • Old Saxon: īsarn
    • Middle Low German: îsen, îsern, îseren
      • German Low German: Iesen
        • ⇒ German Low German: Iesder
      • Low German: Isen
      • Plautdietsch: Iesa
  • Old Dutch: *īsarn
    • Middle Dutch: iser
      • Dutch: ijzer
        • Afrikaans: yster
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: isiri
        • Jersey Dutch: äize
        • Negerhollands: iser, izu
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: isir
        • → Aukan: insii
        • → Sranan Tongo: isri
          • → Caribbean Hindustani: isri
          • → Caribbean Javanese: isri
      • Limburgish: iezer
      • West Flemish: yzer
  • Old High German: īsarn
    • Middle High German: īsern, īser, īsen
      • Alemannic German: Iise

        Vorarlbergerisch: Iisa, Oasa

      • Bavarian: Eisn

        Cimbrian: aizarn

        Mòcheno: aisn

      • Central Franconian: Ieser, Iese, Eise
        • Hunsrik: Eise
        • Luxembourgish: Eisen
      • German: Eisen, Eiser
      • Vilamovian: ȧjza
      • Yiddish: אײַזן (ayzn)
• Old Norse: járn, ísarn, jarn, éarn
  • Icelandic: járn
  • Faroese: jarn
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: jarn
  • Jamtish: járn
  • Elfdalian: ienn
  • Old Swedish: iærn, iarn
    • Swedish: järn
  • Old Danish: jarn, iærn, iarn
    • Danish: jern, jærn
      • Norwegian Bokmål: jern
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: jern (partially from dialects with j-umlaut)
    • Scanian: jærn
  • Gutnish: jan
• Gothic: 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn)