Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arbiją

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃orbʰ-yo-m, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ- (“to change ownership”) (from which also *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑr.βi.jɑ̃/

Noun

*arbiją n

1. heritage, inheritance

Inflection

Declension of *arbiją (neuter ja-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*arbiją	*arbijō
vocative	*arbiją	*arbijō
accusative	*arbiją	*arbijō
genitive	*arbijas, *arbīs	*arbijǫ̂
dative	*arbijai	*arbijamaz
instrumental	*arbijō	*arbijamiz

Derived terms

• *arbijaną
  • *arbaidiz
• *arbijawardaz (“heir”)

Related terms

• *arbaz
• *arbijô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *arbī
  • Old English: ierfe, yrfe, irfe, erfe, ærfe
    • Middle English: erve, erfe, erf, irve, yrfe (through the Anglian equivalent)
      • English: erf
      • Scots: arff, airf
  • Old Frisian: erve
    • Saterland Frisian: Ierwe, Äärwe
  • Old Saxon: ervi
    • Low German: Arf
    • Plautdietsch: Oaw
  • Old Dutch: ervi
    • Middle Dutch: erve
      • Dutch: erf
        • Afrikaans: erf
        • → English: erf
        • Negerhollands: erfe
        • Petjo: erf
  • Old High German: erbi
    • Middle High German: erbe
      • German: Erbe
      • Luxembourgish: Ierwen
      • → Old Czech: erb
        • Czech: erb (“coat of arms”)
        • → Polish: herb (“coat of arms”)
          • → Lithuanian: herbas
          • → Old Ruthenian: гербъ (herb)
            • Belarusian: герб (hjerb)
            • Ukrainian: герб (herb)
            • → Russian: герб (gerb), гербъ (gerb) — pre-1918 spelling
              • → Azerbaijani: gerb
              • → Kildin Sami: ге̄ррп (gierrp)
              • → Latvian: ģerbonis
              • → Macedonian: грб (grb)
              • → Uzbek: gerb
          • → Romanian: herb
          • → Yiddish: הערב (herb)
• Proto-Norse: ᚨᚱᛒᛁᛃᚨ (arbija)
  • Old Norse: erfi
    • Icelandic: erfi
    • Faroese: ervi
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: erve
    • Old Swedish: ærve
• Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌹 (arbi)
• → Proto-Finnic: *arpa (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Samic: *ārpē (see there for further descendants)