Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōnāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grōniz (“green”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɔː.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grōnāną

1. to become green, flourish

Inflection

Conjugation of *grōnāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grōnō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*grōnaisi	?	*grōnai	*grōnāsai	?
3rd singular	*grōnaiþi	?	*grōnāþau	*grōnāþai	?
1st dual	*grōnōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grōnāþiz	?	*grōnāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*grōnāmaz	?	—	*grōnānþai	?
2nd plural	*grōnaiþ	?	*grōnaiþ	*grōnānþai	?
3rd plural	*grōnānþi	?	*grōnānþau	*grōnānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grōnadǭ	*grōnadēdį̄
2nd singular	*grōnadēz	*grōnadēdīz
3rd singular	*grōnadē	*grōnadēdī
1st dual	*grōnadēdū	*grōnadēdīw
2nd dual	*grōnadēdudiz	*grōnadēdīdiz
1st plural	*grōnadēdum	*grōnadēdīm
2nd plural	*grōnadēdud	*grōnadēdīd
3rd plural	*grōnadēdun	*grōnadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*grōnāndz	*grōnadaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grōnēn
  • Old English: grēnian
    • Middle English: grenen
      • English: green
  • Old Frisian: *grēnia
    • West Frisian: grienje
    • Saterland Frisian: gräinje
  • Old Saxon: *grōnōn
    • Middle Low German: grônen
  • Old Dutch: *gruonon, gruonen (attested as an intransitive class 1 weak verb, which suggests an early merger)
    • Middle Dutch: groenen
      • Dutch: groenen
  • Old High German: gruonēn
    • Middle High German: gruonen
      • German: grünen
• Old Norse: gróna
  • Icelandic: gróna