Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlimmaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”), Latin clāmō (“to cry, shout”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxlim.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlimmaną

1. to sound
2. to growl, roar

Inflection

Conjugation of *hlimmaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlimmō	*hlimmaų	—	*hlimmai	?
2nd singular	*hlimmizi	*hlimmaiz	*hlimm	*hlimmazai	*hlimmaizau
3rd singular	*hlimmidi	*hlimmai	*hlimmadau	*hlimmadai	*hlimmaidau
1st dual	*hlimmōz	*hlimmaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlimmadiz	*hlimmaidiz	*hlimmadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlimmamaz	*hlimmaim	—	*hlimmandai	*hlimmaindau
2nd plural	*hlimmid	*hlimmaid	*hlimmid	*hlimmandai	*hlimmaindau
3rd plural	*hlimmandi	*hlimmain	*hlimmandau	*hlimmandai	*hlimmaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlamm	*hlummį̄
2nd singular	*hlammt	*hlummīz
3rd singular	*hlamm	*hlummī
1st dual	*hlummū	*hlummīw
2nd dual	*hlummudiz	*hlummīdiz
1st plural	*hlummum	*hlummīm
2nd plural	*hlummud	*hlummīd
3rd plural	*hlummun	*hlummīn
	present	past
participles	*hlimmandz	*hlummanaz

Related terms

• *hlammōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hlimman
  • Old English: hlimman, hlymman
  • Old Dutch: *hlimman, *hilman
    • Middle Dutch: helmen
  • Old High German: hlimman
    • Middle High German: limmen
• Old Norse: *hlimma (only attested in the preterite hlam)