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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh₁-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Root

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    *kelh₁-[1][2][3][4][5]

    1. to call out to

    Alternative reconstructions

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    Derived terms

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    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelh₁- (71 c, 0 e)
    • *kelh₁-d-
      • ⇒ *kl̥h₁d-ṓ ~ *kl̥h₁d-n-és
        • Proto-Hellenic: *klēdṓn
      • ⇒ *kl̥h₁d-tí-s[9]
        • Proto-Italic: *klāssis[9]
          • >? Latin: classis (see there for further descendants)
    • *kélh₁-e-ti (thematic root present)[10] or *kl̥-né-h₁-ti ~ *kl-n̥h₁-énti (nasal-infix present)[1]
      • Proto-Germanic: *hellaną (“to sound, resound”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kélh₁-ti ~ *kl̥h₁-énti (root athematic present)[12][13] or *kl̥h₁-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)[1] or *kl̥h₁-eh₂yé-ti ((e)h₂(ye)-factitive)[11]
      • Proto-Italic: *kalō (“to proclaim”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kḗlh₁-s-t ~ *kélh₁-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[14]
      • Proto-Hellenic:
    • *ke-kl̥h₁-et (reduplicated aorist)[1]
      • Proto-Hellenic: *ékekleto
    • *ki-kl̥h₁-sḱé-ti
      • Proto-Hellenic:
    • *kl̥h₁-éye-ti (eye-present)[1]
      • Proto-Hellenic: *kəléyō
        • Ancient Greek: καλέω (kaléō, “to call, summon”) (or a back-formation from the aorist)
    • *kl̥h₁-neh₂-ti ~ *kl̥h₁-n̥h₂-énti[11]
      • Proto-Germanic: *hulōną (“to call for, summon; to fetch”)[11] (see there for further descendants)
    • *kélh₁-o-m[11]
      • Proto-Germanic: *helą
        • Old Norse: hjal (“babbling, chit-chat”)
          • ⇒ Icelandic: hjala (“to babble”)
          • Norwegian Nynorsk: hjal
    • *kl̥h₁-kl̥h₁-[15]
      • Proto-Armenian:
        • Old Armenian: աքաղաղ (akʻałał, “rooster”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kl̥h₁-mó-s[12][4][7][16]
      • Proto-Italic: *klāmos (“shouting”)[16]
        • ⇒ Latin: clāmō (“to cry out, clamor”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kl̥h₁-ró-s (“loud, sonorous”)[12][17]
      • Proto-Italic: *klāros[17]
        • Latin: clārus (“loud, clear”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kl̥h₁-yó-s[18][19][12][13]
      • Proto-Celtic: *kalyos
        • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kalyākos (“rooster”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *kelios
        • ⇒ Latin: concilium (“a council, a meeting”) (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kleh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 361-362
    2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*kelh₁- ‘call out to’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 90
    3. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*kelh₁- ‘call out to’”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 114
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schrijver, Peter (1997), “Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words”, in Lubotsky, A., editor, Sound Law and Analogy‎[1], Amsterdam/Atlanta, page 295: “PIE *kelh₁-; *ki-kl̥h₁-sk-; *kl̥h₁-m-”
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bendahman, Jadwiga (1993), Der reduplizierte Aorist in den indogermanischen Sprachen (Deutsche Hochschulschriften; 642), Egelsbach: Hänsel-Hohenhausen, pages 20-21: “kelh₁-/kleh₁-; *ke-kloh₁-; *kl̥h₁-i̯ó-”
    6. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 41: “*kalh₁-”
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “6. kel-, k(ₑ)lē-, k(ₑ)lā- oder kl̥̄-? ,rufen, schreien, lärmen, klingen‘”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 548-550
    8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “kallišš-zi / kališš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 430-431: “PIE *ḱélh₁-s-ti, *ḱlh₁-s-énti”
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “classis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 118
    10. ^ Müller, Stefan (2007), Zum Germanischen aus laryngaltheoretischer Sicht: Mit einer Einführung in die Grundlagen (Studia Linguistica Germanica; 88) (in German), Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 266: “ger. *hell-a- < *kélh₁o-”
    11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*halōn- - *hulōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205: “*k(o)lh₁-(n}eh₂-”
    12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 206-207; 416
    13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “calō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 84-85
    14. ^ García Ramón, José Luis (2017), “Chapter VII: Greek”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), volume 1, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Greek, page 675: “PIE *kl̥ēh1-s-”
    15. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “akʿałał”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 159
    16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clamō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
    17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 117-118
    18. ^ Stifter, David (2017), “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), volume 2, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Celtic, page 1196: “*kl̥h₁i̯o-”
    19. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 91: “*kl̥h₁-i̯o-”
    20. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “kalba”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 220
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