Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sōl
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wén-s (“sun”), though how and as what inflection type are uncertain. Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil) and Old Norse sól point to *s(ᵉ/ₒ)h₂wel- and *sᵉ/ₒh₂wul-, respectively,[1] which perhaps suggests an inherited l/n-stem paradigm *sōl (< *sōwul[notes 1]) ~ *sawiniz (or consonant stem *sōl ~ *sawiliz), with the Gothic leveled from the weak case.[2]
Alternatively reconstructed as *sōel (< *sōwel) ~ *suniz, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és,[3] and although this would account for the Gothic form, it is problematic for the West Germanic and Old Norse forms, where one might expect the outcome in Old Saxon to be **sō(w)el, **sō(w)il, compare Old Saxon hnōil, from Proto-West Germanic *hnōil (“planer”).
Noun
[edit]Reconstruction notes
[edit]- ^ With the loss of *w between a stressed vowel and *u (*w > ∅ / V́_*u), followed by Mahlow's Law (*ōu > *ō / _C{#,V}).
Inflection
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]- *sōlō (< *sōwulō[5][6][7][8])
- *sōel ~ *sunnaz[3][4]
- *sōelą (< *sōwelą[5][9][10])
- *sōelō (< *sōwelō[9])
- *sōilą (< *sōwilą[7][8])
- *sōilō (< *sōwilō[11])
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *sōl f (consonant stem)
- Old Norse: sól f, ᛋᚢᛚ (sul), ᛌᚢᛚ (sul) — nominative singular, Runic form, ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) — dative singular, 600s, Runic form (rebuilt strong ō-stem)
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 n (sauil)
References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 881: “got. sauil n. (*sōwila-), aisl. sōl f. (*sōwulā)”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, 227/mode/2up page 136; 227: “PGmc *sō̄l”
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*soel- ~ *sunnōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 463-464
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kroonen, Guus (2011), The Proto-Germanic n-Stems: A Study in Diachronic Morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 881: “*sōwila-; *sōwulā”
- ^ Nedoma, Robert (2017), “Chapter IX: Germanic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), volume 2, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The documentation of Germanic, page 877: “*sōwulō”
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*séh₂u̯el-, *sh₂(u)u̯en(?)-, *sh₂un-, *suh₂l-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon][3] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 606: “germ. *sōwil-; germ. *sō(w)ul-”
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hellquist, Elof (1922), “sol”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary][4] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 821: “*sōwil- (-ul, *sowl-?; med bortfall av w i nord. spr.)”
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*sōwelan ~ *sowelō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361
- ^ Heidermanns, Frank (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 81: “sōwela-”
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*séhₐul”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 556: “*sōwilō”