Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrīaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskriːɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skrīaną

1. to caw, screech
2. to shout, scream, cry out

Inflection

Conjugation of *skrīaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrīō	*skrīaų	—	*skrīai	?
2nd singular	*skrīizi	*skrīaiz	*skrī	*skrīazai	*skrīaizau
3rd singular	*skrīidi	*skrīai	*skrīadau	*skrīadai	*skrīaidau
1st dual	*skrīōz	*skrīaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skrīadiz	*skrīaidiz	*skrīadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skrīamaz	*skrīaim	—	*skrīandai	*skrīaindau
2nd plural	*skrīid	*skrīaid	*skrīid	*skrīandai	*skrīaindau
3rd plural	*skrīandi	*skrīain	*skrīandau	*skrīandai	*skrīaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrai	*skriį̄
2nd singular	*skrait	*skriīz
3rd singular	*skrai	*skriī
1st dual	*skriū	*skriīw
2nd dual	*skriudiz	*skriīdiz
1st plural	*skrium	*skriīm
2nd plural	*skriud	*skriīd
3rd plural	*skriun	*skriīn
	present	past
participles	*skrīandz	*skrianaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skrīan
  • Old English: sċrēon
  • Old Frisian: skrīa
  • Old Saxon: *skrīan
  • Old Dutch: *scrīan
    • Middle Dutch: schriën
      • Dutch: schriën, schrieën (dialectal)
  • Old High German: scrīan
    • Middle High German: schrīen
      • Alemannic German: schriie
      • German: schreien
      • Hunsrik: schreue
      • Yiddish: שרײַען (shrayen)
  • → Old French: escrier, acrier, escrïer
    • Middle French: escrier, écrier
      • French: écrier
    • → Middle English: ascrien, ascryen
      • English: scry
• Old Norse: *skría
  • Norwegian: skrike
  • Old Swedish: skrīa
    • Swedish: skria