Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrapōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skrepaną (“to scratch, scrape”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskrɑ.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skrapōną

1. to scrape, scratch

Inflection

Conjugation of *skrapōną (weak class 2)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrapō	*skrapǭ	—		*skrapōi	?
2nd singular	*skrapōsi	*skrapōs	*skrapō		*skrapōsai	*skrapōsau
3rd singular	*skrapōþi	*skrapō	*skrapōþau		*skrapōþai	*skrapōþau
1st dual	*skrapōs	*skrapōw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*skrapōþiz	*skrapōþiz	*skrapōþiz		—	—
1st plural	*skrapōmaz	*skrapōm	—		*skrapōnþai	*skrapōnþau
2nd plural	*skrapōþ	*skrapōþ	*skrapōþ		*skrapōnþai	*skrapōnþau
3rd plural	*skrapōnþi	*skrapōn	*skrapōnþau		*skrapōnþai	*skrapōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrapōdǭ	*skrapōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*skrapōdēz	*skrapōdēdīz
3rd singular	*skrapōdē	*skrapōdēdī
1st dual	*skrapōdēdū	*skrapōdēdīw
2nd dual	*skrapōdēdudiz	*skrapōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*skrapōdēdum	*skrapōdēdīm
2nd plural	*skrapōdēdud	*skrapōdēdīd
3rd plural	*skrapōdēdun	*skrapōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skrapōndz	*skrapōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skrapōn
  • Old English: sċrapian
    • Middle English: schrapen, scrapen (influenced by Old Norse)
      • English: scrape
      • Scots: scrap, scraip
  • Old Frisian: *skrapia, *skrabia
    • Saterland Frisian: skraabje
    • West Frisian: skraabje
  • Old Saxon: *skrapōn
    • Middle Low German: schrāpen, schrappen
      • German Low German: schrapen, schropen, schrabben
      • → Middle High German: schrapen, schrappen
        • German: schrappen
  • Old Dutch: *scrapon
    • Middle Dutch: schrāpen
      • Dutch: schrapen
        • Afrikaans: skraap
  • Old High German: *skraffōn
    • Middle High German: schraffen
  • → Old French:
    • Walloon: screper, crape
  • → Walloon: crape, → Walloon: screper
• Old Norse: skrapa
  • Danish: skrabe
  • Icelandic: skrapa
  • Norwegian Bokmål: skrape
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skrape
  • Swedish: skrapa