Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swammaz
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- *swambaz, *swampaz (West Germanic)
- *swambô, *swamp(p)ô (whence *sumpô, *sumpaz)[1]
- *swampuz (North Germanic)
Etymology
[edit]Seemingly related to Ancient Greek σομφός (somphós, “spongy, porous (esp. of wood)”), with which it is traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *swombʰ- (“sponge; tree-fungus”), but the Greek probably cannot be of inherited Indo-European origin given its lack of the expected shift *s- > *h- (but see σῦς (sûs) for a possible exception). Likely ultimately of substrate[2] or wanderwort origin. Such a substrate word may speculatively be related to the substrate sources of similar words in other languages, including Latin fungus (“mushroom, fungus”), Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos)/σφόγγος (sphóngos, “sponge; tonsil”), Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn, “tree fungus”) and perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúmˀbas (“bulged, bloated”) (whence Lithuanian gum̃bas (“bulge”) and Proto-Slavic *gǫba (“fungus, mushroom; sponge; lip”)), which cannot be reconciled in terms of Proto-Indo-European.[1]
See also *sumpaz (“swamp”). This along with the variants *swambaz (Old High German swamb) and *swampuz (Old Norse sǫppr, svǫppr, svampr) perhaps point to an original n-stem *swambô ~ *sumppaz.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]*swammaz m
Inflection
[edit]masculine a-stemDeclension of *swammaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *swammaz | *swammōz, *swammōs | |
vocative | *swamm | *swammōz, *swammōs | |
accusative | *swammą | *swammanz | |
genitive | *swammas, *swammis | *swammǫ̂ | |
dative | *swammai | *swammamaz | |
instrumental | *swammō | *swammamiz |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *swamm, *swamb
- Old Norse: svǫppr, soppr, svampr
- Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍃 (swamms)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swamb/ppan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 495
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zomp”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2011) “*swambō, *sumppaz ‘sponge, mushroom’?”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 223–225