Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tanþs

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɑnθs/

Noun

*tanþs m

1. tooth

Inflection

Both the original stem ablaut and Verner alternation are preserved.

According to Griepentrog and Schaffner, the nominative singular was *tanz (Proto-Indo-European *h₃don(t)s), directly reflected in Old High German zan (German Zahn).

Declension of *tanþs (consonant stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*tanþs	*tanþiz
vocative	*tanþ	*tanþiz
accusative	*tanþų	*tanþunz
genitive	*tundiz	*tundǫ̂
dative	*tundi	*tundumaz
instrumental	*tundē	*tundumiz

Derived terms

• *tanþijaną
• *tanþlausaz
• *Gulþīnatanþô

Related terms

• *tunþskaz
• *tunþuz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *tanþ, *tą̄þ (North Sea Germanic)
  • Old English: tōþ, tōð
    • Middle English: toth, toeth, tooth, tooþ, tothe, toþ, toþe, tuth, tuthe, toð (Early Middle English), tuthe (Northern)
      • English: tooth
      • English: (West Yorkshire) tooith, toith
      • English: (Ottawa-Valley) tuth, tut
      • Scots: tuth, tuith
  • Old Frisian: tōth
    • North Frisian: toth
  • Old Saxon: tand, tōth
    • Middle Low German: tant, tan
      • Low German: Tähn

        German Low German: Tand

      • Plautdietsch: Tän
      • North Frisian:

        Heligoland: teän

      • → Saterland Frisian: Tiende
  • Old Dutch: tant, tand
    • Middle Dutch: tant
      • Dutch: tand
      • Limburgish: tandj
  • Old High German: zand, zan, zant
    • Middle High German: zan, zant
      • Alemannic German: Zah
      • Bavarian: Zåhn, Zant
      • Central Franconian: Zank, Zand

        Kölsch: Zant

      • German: Zahn
        • → Central Franconian: Zahn
      • Hunsrik: Zaan
      • Luxembourgish: Zant
      • Pennsylvania German: Zaah
      • Swabian: Zah, Zai
      • Vilamovian: cōn
      • Yiddish: צאָן (tson)
    • → Italian: zanna (via Lombardic)
• Proto-Norse: *ᛏᚨᚾᚦᚢᛉ f (*tanþuʀ)
  • Old Norse: tǫnn f
    • Icelandic: tönn f
    • Faroese: tonn f
      • Norn: tann, tannj
    • Norwegian Bokmål: tann m or f
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: tann, tonn f
    • Old Swedish: tan f
      • Swedish: tand c
    • Old Danish: tan
      • Danish: tand c
    • Gutnish: tann, tand
• ⇒ Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus) (converted to u-stem)