Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurmiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis (“worm”). Cognate with Latin vermis, Ancient Greek ῥόμος (rhómos), Lithuanian var̃mas (“bug, fly”), Old Prussian wormyan (“red”), Old East Slavic *вьрмиѥ (*vĭrmije) (whence Ukrainian вермяний (vermjanyj, “red”)). The meaning red developed from a colour that one gains by a scale insect.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwur.miz/

Noun

*wurmiz m

1. worm

   Synonym: *maþô

2. serpent, snake, dragon

   Synonyms: *agiz, *linþaz, *nadraz, *nadrǭ, *slangô

Inflection

Declension of *wurmiz (i-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*wurmiz	*wurmīz
vocative	*wurmi	*wurmīz
accusative	*wurmį	*wurminz
genitive	*wurmīz	*wurmijǫ̂
dative	*wurmī	*wurmimaz
instrumental	*wurmī	*wurmimiz

Derived terms

• *(ga-)wurmiją
  • Old Norse: yrmi (“vermin”)
  • German: Gewürm (“vermin”)
• *wurmijō
  • Norwegian: yrme (“female snake”) (dialectal)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wurmi
  • Old English: wyrm, weorm, wurm
    • Middle English: worm, werm, wirm, worme, wrim, wurm, wyrm, wyrme
      • English: worm
      • Scots: worm, wirm
    • → English: wyrm
  • Old Frisian: worm, werm, wirm
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: wörem

      Mooring: wörm

      Sylt: Würem

    • Saterland Frisian: Wurm, Wúurm
    • West Frisian: wjirm
  • Old Saxon: wurm
    • Middle Low German: worm
      • Low German:

        German Low German: Worm

      • Plautdietsch: Worm
  • Old Dutch: wurm
    • Middle Dutch: worm, wurm
      • Dutch: worm, wurm
        • Afrikaans: wurm
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: worum
        • Negerhollands: worm, wurum
      • Limburgish: worm
  • Old High German: wurm
    • Middle High German: wurm
      • Alemannic German: Wüüre
      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: bórm, burm

        Mòcheno: burm

      • Hunsrik: Worrem
      • German: Wurm
      • Luxembourgish: Wuerm
      • Vilamovian: wüm
      • Yiddish: וואָרעם (vorem)
  • → Old French: gourme, gorme
    • French: gourme
      • → Spanish: gurma
• Old Norse: ormr
  • Danish: orm
  • Elfdalian: uorm
  • Faroese: ormur
  • Gutnish: årm, årrm
  • Icelandic: ormur
  • Norn: orm (“vermin; shoal of fish”)
  • Norwegian: orm
  • Old Swedish: ormber
    • Swedish: orm
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌼𐍃 (waurms)
• → Proto-Samic: *urmē (see there for further descendants)