Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/linþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lént-o-s.^[1]^[2]^[3] Cognate with Latin lentus (“flexible, sticky”), Lithuanian lentà (“board”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlin.θɑz/
Rhymes: -in.θɑz

Adjective

*linþaz

Inflection

Declension of *linþaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*linþaz	*linþō	linþą, -at(ō)	*linþai	*linþôz	*linþō
accusative	*linþanǭ	*linþǭ	linþą, -at(ō)	*linþanz	*linþōz	*linþō
genitive	linþas, linþis	*linþaizōz	linþas, linþis	*linþaizǫ̂	*linþaizǫ̂	*linþaizǫ̂
dative	*linþammai	*linþaizōi	*linþammai	*linþaimaz	*linþaimaz	*linþaimaz
instrumental	*linþanō	*linþaizō	*linþanō	*linþaimiz	*linþaimiz	*linþaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*linþô	*linþǭ	*linþô	*linþaniz	*linþōniz	*linþōnō
accusative	*linþanų	*linþōnų	*linþô	*linþanunz	*linþōnunz	*linþōnō
genitive	*linþiniz	*linþōniz	*linþiniz	*linþanǫ̂	*linþōnǫ̂	*linþanǫ̂
dative	*linþini	*linþōni	*linþini	*linþammaz	*linþōmaz	*linþammaz
instrumental	*linþinē	*linþōnē	*linþinē	*linþammiz	*linþōmiz	*linþammiz

Alternative forms

*linþijaz

Derived terms

*galinþijaz
- Proto-West Germanic: *galinþī
  - Old Saxon: *gilīthi
    - Middle Low German: gelinde (possibly borrowed from High German)
      - German Low German: gelinde
      - Plautdietsch: jelind
  - Old High German: gilindi
    - Middle High German: gelinde
      - German: gelinde

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *linþ(ī)
- Old English: līþe, līþ
  - Middle English: lithe, lythe
    - English: lithe
    - Scots: lythe, lyth
- Old Frisian: *līthe
  - Saterland Frisian: lied
- Old Saxon: līthi, (influenced by Frankish) *lindi
  - Middle Low German: linde
    - German Low German: linde
    - Plautdietsch: lind
    - → Old Danish: lind (potentially to an indigenous Old Norse *lindr variation of a *linnr, shown by ambiguity between various Norse linn/lind terms)
- Old Dutch: *lindi
  - Middle Dutch: linde
    - Dutch: lind (obsolete)
- Old High German: lindi, lind
  - Middle High German: linde, lint
    - German: lind (archaic/poetic, but still gelinde)
>? Old Norse: *linnr, *lindr
- Norwegian Nynorsk: linn
- Old Danish: *lind
  - Danish: (obsolete) lind
- Old Swedish: *linder, *linner
- Swedish: lind, (dialectal) linner
Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (*linþs)
- →? Vulgar Latin: *lindus
  - Old Spanish: lindo
    - Spanish: lindo
  - Portuguese: lindo

Noun

*linþaz m^[4]

serpent; snake
Synonyms: *agiz, *nadraz, *nadrǭ, *slangô, *wurmiz
linden tree? (based on lindr)
Synonym: *lindō

Inflection

Declension of *linþaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*linþaz	linþōz, linþōs
vocative	*linþ	linþōz, linþōs
accusative	*linþą	*linþanz
genitive	linþas, linþis	*linþǫ̂
dative	*linþai	*linþamaz
instrumental	*linþō	*linþamiz

Derived terms

*linþawurmiz^[5]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *linþ
- Old High German: lind
  - Middle High German: lint
Old Norse: linnr, linni (“serpent”); lindr (“linden”)
- Icelandic: linnur, linni
- >? Old Danish: lind
- ⇒ Old Norse: linnormr
  - Danish: lindorm
    - Faroese: lindormur
  - Icelandic: linnormur
  - Norwegian: linnorm
  - Old Swedish: lindormber
    - Swedish: lindorm

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “lento-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 667
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*linþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lentus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*lenþaz I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*lenþa-wurmaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “lento-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 667

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*linþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 339

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lentus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335

[4] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*lenþaz I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

[5] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*lenþa-wurmaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

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