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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰórtos

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Possible derivations include:

    • thematization of o-grade root noun *gʰórt-s (< *gʰórdʰ-s) ~ *gʰr̥dʰ-ós, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”) +‎ *-s;[1]
    • o-grade nominalization of to-stem adjective *ǵʰr̥-tó-s, from *ǵʰer- (“to take, get”) +‎ *-tós;[2][3]
    • thematization of lengthened o-grade root noun *gʰṓrt-s (< *gʰórdʰ-s) ~ *gʰr̥dʰ-ós, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”) +‎ *-s;[4]
    • thematization of t-stem noun *ǵʰór-t-s ~ *ǵʰér-t-s, from *ǵʰer- (“to take, get”) +‎ *-ts.

    Noun

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    *gʰórtos m[1][5][6]

    1. enclosure

    Inflection

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    Thematic
    singular
    nominative *gʰórtos
    genitive *gʰórtosyo
    singular dual plural
    nominative *gʰórtos *gʰórtoh₁ *gʰórtoes
    vocative *gʰórte *gʰórtoh₁ *gʰórtoes
    accusative *gʰórtom *gʰórtoh₁ *gʰórtoms
    genitive *gʰórtosyo *? *gʰórtoHom
    ablative *gʰórtead *? *gʰórtomos, *gʰórtobʰos
    dative *gʰórtoey *? *gʰórtomos, *gʰórtobʰos
    locative *gʰórtey, *gʰórtoy *? *gʰórtoysu
    instrumental *gʰórtoh₁ *? *gʰórtōys

    Alternative reconstructions

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    Descendants

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    • Proto-Celtic: *gortos (“enclosure; field”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰórtos
    • Proto-Italic: *hortos (“enclosure; garden”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian:[8]
      • >? Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ghórdhos (*ghórtos ~ *ghórdhos) ‘fence, hedge; enclosure, pen, fold’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 199
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “4. g̑her- ,greifen, fassen, umfassen, einfassen‘”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 442: “g̑hor-to-s”
    3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2 *ĝʰer-1 ‘nehmen, holen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 177
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matasović, Ranko (2010), “The etymology of Latin focus and the devoicing of final stops before *s in Proto-Indo-European”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics, volume 123, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 213–214: “PIE *gʰōrdʰ-s, Acc. *gʰōrdʰ-m, Gen. *gʰrdʰ-os”
    5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “hortus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290: “PIE *gʰ(o)r-to-”
    6. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page χόρτος of 1644-1645: “IE *ghorto-”
    7. ^ Wallace, Rex (2017), “Part 6: Italic”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 326: “*ǵhortos ‘enclosed area’”
    8. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “kerccī”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 210-211
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