Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*ǵʰer-^[1]

to yearn for

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (yearn)‎ (15 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰr̥-yé-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʰəřřō
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥yáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰr̥yáti
    - Sanskrit: हृयात् (hṛyāt)
- Proto-Italic: *herjō^[2] (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰr̥-t-ós
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʰərtós
  - Ancient Greek: χαρτός (khartós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥tás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰr̥tás
    - Sanskrit: हृत (hṛtá)
*ǵʰr̥-i-t-
- Ancient Greek: χάρις (kháris)
*ǵʰēr-i-^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ձիր (jir)
*ǵʰr̥-éh₂
- Ancient Greek: χαρά (khará) (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰér-mn̥
- Ancient Greek: χάρμα (khárma)
*ǵʰr̥-meh₂
- Ancient Greek: χάρμη (khármē)
*ǵʰer-no-
- Proto-Germanic: *gernaz (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: χράω (khráō)
- Ancient Greek: χρηστός (khrēstós)
- Ancient Greek: χρῄζω (khrḗizō)

Root[edit]

*ǵʰer-^[4]

to enclose

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (enclose)‎ (6 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰór-tos (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰor-o-
- >? Ancient Greek: χορός (khorós) (perhaps "encircling/ring dance")
*ǵʰor-yo-
- >? Ancient Greek: χόριον (khórion) (perhaps "encircling membrane" or from root below)

Root[edit]

*ǵʰer-^[5]^[6]

bowels, intestines

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

*ǵʰerH-^[7]^[8]^[9]

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- (bowels)‎ (17 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰerH-ni-eh₂^[5]
- Latin: hernia (“protruded viscus”) (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰorH-neh₂^[7]^[8]^[9]^[5]
- Proto-Albanian: *dźārnā^[10]
  - Albanian: zorrë (“gut”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źárˀna
  - Lithuanian: žarnà (“intestine, hose”)
  - Latgalian: zorna (“intestine, hose”)
  - Latvian: zar̂na (“intestine, hose”)
- Proto-Germanic: *garnō (“intestines”) (see there for further descendants)
- Ancient Greek: χορδή (khordḗ, “gut, string”) (< *χορνή (*khornḗ)?) (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰr̥H-eh₂^[7]
- Sanskrit: हिर (hirā́, “vein”)
*ǵʰr̥H-os^[7]
- Sanskrit: हिरा (híra, “band”)
- Proto-Iranian: *ĵʰr̥H-oh
  - Pashto: ځير (źir, “thin string”)
  - Classical Persian: زیر (zīr, “string; cord; any tiny thing such as string”)
*ǵʰr̥H-u-^[7]^[8]^[9]
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *haruspeks (“diviner”)
  - Faliscan: 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌄𐌗 (haraspex), 𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌐𐌉𐌗 (haraspix)
  - Latin: haruspex (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Italic: *hario-
  - Latin: hariolus
- >? Latin: hīra (“intestine”) (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 434
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 442
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*garnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 443
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χορδή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1643-1644
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “žarna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “haruspex, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zorrë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 525-526

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 434

[4] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 442

[Kroonen_1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*garnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169

[6] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 443

[Beekes_1-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χορδή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1643-1644

[DerksenB_1-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “žarna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514

[De_vaan_1-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “haruspex, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280

[Orel_1-10] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “zorrë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 525-526

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰer-

Contents

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Root[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Root[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰer-

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Root[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Root[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Navigation menu

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