Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ḱel- (“to incline”) according to Pokorny.^[1]

A relation with Proto-Uralic *kuwle- (“to hear”) (with metathesis of 'l' and 'w') has been suggested.^[2]

Root

*ḱlew- (perfective)^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]

to hear
Synonym: *ḱlews-

Root extensions

*ḱlew-dʰ-
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *Kluðednjos (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- (102 c, 0 e)

*ḱe-ḱlów-e ~ *ḱe-ḱl̥w-ḗr (perfect)
*ḱléw-se-ti (se-desiderative)
- ⇒ *ḱlews-^{[note 1]}
*ḱléw-t ~ *ḱl̥w-ént (athematic root aorist)
*ḱlḗw-s-t ~ *ḱléw-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Tocharian: *klyeus- (see there for further descendants)
*ḱl̥-né-w-ti ~ *ḱl̥-n-w-énti (nasal-infix present)
*ḱlow-éye-ti (causative)^[3]^[8]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrāwáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrāwáyati
    - Sanskrit: श्रावयति (śrāváyati) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *crāwáyati
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (srāuuaiieⁱti)
    - Old Persian:
      - Middle Persian: slwtn' (/⁠srūdan⁠/, “to sing, recite, play”), slʾd- (/⁠srāy-⁠/, present stem)^[9]
        Persian: سرودن (sorudan, “to sing”)
    - Parthian: srʾwyyd (/⁠srāwēd⁠/, “to sing”, 2pl.impv.)
*ḱl̥w-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative) (or formed independently^[3]^[10])
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: sluvêt
- Proto-Italic: *kluēō (“to be known”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒? *ḱlew-h₁- (back-formed root?)
  - ⇒? *ḱlḗwh₁-(s) f (root noun)^[11]^[6]^{[note 1]}
    - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: (thematicized) *ślṓˀwāˀ (“fame”) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱlew-etó-s^[4]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κλειτός (kleitós)
*ḱléw-mn̥ ~ *ḱlu-mén-s (“hearing”)
*ḱléw-os ~ *ḱléw-es-os (“fame”)
*ḱlēw-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślṓˀwāˀ (see there for further descendants)
*ḱlow-ro- or *ḱlu-ro-
- Old Armenian: լուր (lur)
  - → Armenian: լուր (lur) (learned)
*ḱlu-ti-s^[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *slùti (infinitive) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrutiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śrutiṣ
    - Sanskrit: श्रुति (śrúti, “hearing, listening”)
*ḱlu-tó-s (“heard, famous”)
*ḱléw-tro-m
- Proto-Germanic: *hleuþrą (“noise”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćráwtram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwtram
    - Sanskrit: श्रोत्र (śrótra, “ear”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬚𐬭𐬀 (sraoθra)

Unsorted formations

Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬉 (sruiiē) (1sg. passive^[8] or 3sg. 'stative'^[3])
Northern Kurdish: stran (“to sing”)
Central Kurdish: سرەوتن (srewtin, “to be calm, to stay still, to be comfortable”)
Southern Kurdish: سرەفتن (sreftin, “to be comfortable”)

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 According to Derksen, the Baltic descendants seem to require a root-final laryngeal, but this may be an innovation.^[6]^[7]

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: श्रु (śru)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “I. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə-, k̑lū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 605-606
^ J. J. F. Lehtinen (2020), “L-w-metateesi ja s ~ r -vastaavuus ieur. ja ural. kielten välillä [L-w metathesis and the correspondence s ~ r between the IE and Uralic languages]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1]
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon]‎^[2] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 425-432
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “k̂leu-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 262
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Derksen, Rick (2015), “šlovė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “klausti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “srūdan”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clueō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 122-123
^ Kortlandt, Frederik (1985), “Long vowels in Balto-Slavic”, in Baltistica, volume 21, number 2, page 120 of 112–124