Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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    Suffix

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    *(Ø)-wós

    1. Creates adjectives from verb stems.

    Inflection

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    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *-wós *-wéh₂
    genitive *-wósyo *-wéh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *-wós *-wóh₁ *-wóes
    vocative *-wé *-wóh₁ *-wóes
    accusative *-wóm *-wóh₁ *-wóms
    genitive *-wósyo *? *-wóHom
    ablative *-wéad *? *-wómos, *-wóbʰos
    dative *-wóey *? *-wómos, *-wóbʰos
    locative *-wéy, *-wóy *? *-wóysu
    instrumental *-wóh₁ *? *-wṓys
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *-wéh₂ *-wéh₂h₁(e) *-wéh₂es
    vocative *-wéh₂ *-wéh₂h₁(e) *-wéh₂es
    accusative *-wā́m *-wéh₂h₁(e) *-wéh₂m̥s
    genitive *-wéh₂s *? *-wéh₂oHom
    ablative *-wéh₂s *? *-wéh₂mos, *-wéh₂bʰos
    dative *-wéh₂ey *? *-wéh₂mos, *-wéh₂bʰos
    locative *-wéh₂, *-wéh₂i *? *-wéh₂su
    instrumental *-wéh₂h₁ *? *-wéh₂mis, *-wéh₂bʰis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *-wóm *-wóy(h₁) *-wéh₂
    vocative *-wóm *-wóy(h₁) *-wéh₂
    accusative *-wóm *-wóy(h₁) *-wéh₂
    genitive *-wósyo *? *-wóHom
    ablative *-wéad *? *-wómos, *-wóbʰos
    dative *-wóey *? *-wómos, *-wóbʰos
    locative *-wéy, *-wóy *? *-wóysu
    instrumental *-wóh₁ *? *-wṓys

    Derived terms

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    Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-wós not found
    • *-iHwós
      • Ancient Greek: -εῖος (-eîos), -ήϊος (-ḗïos)Ionic (in part)
        • Latin: -ēus
      • Latin: -īvus (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-was
      • East Baltic:
      • West Baltic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *-vъ
    • Proto-Germanic: *-waz
    • Proto-Celtic: *-wos
    • Proto-Hellenic: *-wós
      • Ancient Greek: -ός (-ós)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wás
    • Proto-Italic: *-wos
      • Latin: forms the perfect and pluperfect active verb stems
        • (adjectives formed from rare perfect active participles) -vus, -uus