Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/albʰós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Adjective

*albʰós (non-ablauting)

1. white

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*albʰós	*albʰéh₂
genitive	*albʰósyo	*albʰéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*albʰós	*albʰóh₁	*albʰóes
vocative	*albʰé	*albʰóh₁	*albʰóes
accusative	*albʰóm	*albʰóh₁	*albʰóms
genitive	*albʰósyo	*?	*albʰóHom
ablative	*albʰéad	*?	*albʰómos, *albʰóbʰos
dative	*albʰóey	*?	*albʰómos, *albʰóbʰos
locative	*albʰéy, *albʰóy	*?	*albʰóysu
instrumental	*albʰóh₁	*?	*albʰṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*albʰéh₂	*albʰéh₂h₁(e)	*albʰéh₂es
vocative	*albʰéh₂	*albʰéh₂h₁(e)	*albʰéh₂es
accusative	*albʰā́m	*albʰéh₂h₁(e)	*albʰéh₂m̥s
genitive	*albʰéh₂s	*?	*albʰéh₂oHom
ablative	*albʰéh₂s	*?	*albʰéh₂mos, *albʰéh₂bʰos
dative	*albʰéh₂ey	*?	*albʰéh₂mos, *albʰéh₂bʰos
locative	*albʰéh₂, *albʰéh₂i	*?	*albʰéh₂su
instrumental	*albʰéh₂h₁	*?	*albʰéh₂mis, *albʰéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*albʰóm	*albʰóy(h₁)	*albʰéh₂
vocative	*albʰóm	*albʰóy(h₁)	*albʰéh₂
accusative	*albʰóm	*albʰóy(h₁)	*albʰéh₂
genitive	*albʰósyo	*?	*albʰóHom
ablative	*albʰéad	*?	*albʰómos, *albʰóbʰos
dative	*albʰóey	*?	*albʰómos, *albʰóbʰos
locative	*albʰéy, *albʰóy	*?	*albʰóysu
instrumental	*albʰóh₁	*?	*albʰṓys

Alternative reconstructions

• *h₂elbʰós
• *h₄elbʰós

Derived terms

• *(H)albʰ-H-nó-s or *(H)albʰ-eno-s?
  • Proto-Celtic: *albanos
• *(H)albʰ-ih₂
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *albī (“river”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(H)albʰ-i-s
  • ⇒ *(H)albʰ-ⁱy-on-
    • Proto-Celtic: *albiyū (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *albiz (“elf”) (see there for further descendants)
• >? *(H)álbʰ-it (“barley”)
• >? *(H)álbʰ-us ~ *(H)l̥bʰ-éw-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *r̥bʰúš (“skillful”)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *r̥bʰúṣ
      • Sanskrit: ऋभु (ṛbhú)

Unsorted formations

• >? Proto-Armenian: *aławun
  • Old Armenian: աղաւնի (aławni, “dove, pigeon”) (possibly)
• Proto-Germanic: *albits ~ *albuts (“swan”), now at Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/albut
• Proto-Slavic: *olbǫdь (“swan”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-Anatolian: *albós
  • Hittite: 𒀠𒉺𒀸 (alpas)
• Proto-Celtic: *albos
• Proto-Hellenic: *alpʰós
  • Ancient Greek: ἀλφός (alphós)
• Proto-Italic: *alβos (see there for further descendants)
• →? Proto-Finnic: *kalbas
  • Finnish: kalvas, kalpea
  • Karelian: kalpie