Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰéh₂ti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Athematic root present of *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”).
Verb
[edit]*bʰéh₂ti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4]
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *bʰéh₂ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *bʰh₂énti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰéh₂mi | *bʰā́m | — | *bʰéh₂oh₂ | *bʰh₂yéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *bʰéh₂si | *bʰéh₂s | *bʰéh₂, *bʰh₂dʰí | *bʰéh₂esi | *bʰh₂yéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *bʰéh₂ti | *bʰéh₂t | *bʰéh₂tu | *bʰéh₂eti | *bʰh₂yéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *bʰh₂wós | *bʰh₂wé | — | *bʰéh₂owos | *bʰh₂ih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *bʰh₂tés | *bʰh₂tóm | *bʰh₂tóm | *bʰéh₂etes | *bʰh₂ih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *bʰh₂tés | *bʰh₂tā́m | *bʰh₂tā́m | *bʰéh₂etes | *bʰh₂ih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *bʰh₂mós | *bʰh₂mé | — | *bʰéh₂omos | *bʰh₂ih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *bʰh₂té | *bʰh₂té | *bʰh₂té | *bʰéh₂ete | *bʰh₂ih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *bʰh₂énti | *bʰh₂ént | *bʰh₂éntu | *bʰéh₂onti | *bʰh₂ih₁ént |
| Participle | *bʰh₂ónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰh₂h₂ér | *bʰh₂h₂é | — | *bʰéh₂oh₂er | *bʰh₂ih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *bʰh₂th₂ér | *bʰh₂th₂é | *bʰh₂só | *bʰéh₂eth₂er | *bʰh₂ih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *bʰh₂tór, *bʰh₂ór | *bʰh₂tó, *bʰh₂ó | *? | *bʰéh₂etor | *bʰh₂ih₁tó, *bʰh₂ih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *bʰh₂wósdʰh₂ | *bʰh₂wédʰh₂ | — | *bʰéh₂owosdʰh₂ | *bʰh₂ih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *bʰh₂mósdʰh₂ | *bʰh₂médʰh₂ | — | *bʰéh₂omosdʰh₂ | *bʰh₂ih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *bʰh₂dʰh₂wé | *bʰh₂dʰh₂wé | *bʰh₂dʰh₂wé | *bʰéh₂edʰh₂we | *bʰh₂ih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *bʰh₂n̥tór, *bʰh₂rór | *bʰh₂n̥tó, *bʰh₂ró | *? | *bʰéh₂ontor | *bʰh₂ih₁ró |
| Participle | *bʰh₂m̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: բամ (bam)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bā́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰā́mi
- Proto-Italic: *fāōr
- Latin: for
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “for, fārī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231: “*bʰeh₂-/*bʰh₂- 'to speak'”
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φημί”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1566-1567: “*bʰeh₂-/*bʰh₂- 'to say'”
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN: “*bʰéh₂-/bʰh₂-”
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 123: “*bʰeH₂-mi”