Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g⁽ʷ⁾ew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Often connected to *g⁽ʷ⁾ewH- (“to obtain”), whence Proto-Balto-Slavic *gáuˀtei.^[1]^[2]

Root

*g⁽ʷ⁾ew-^[3]

to increase

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *g⁽ʷ⁾ew- (5 c, 0 e)

^? *gʷéw-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present)
- ⇒ *gʷówdʰ-i ~ *gʷudʰ-éy-s
  - Proto-Celtic: *boudi (“profit, gain; victory”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷḗw-s-t ~ *gʷéw-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háǰāwšt ~ *Háǰawšat
  - Proto-Iranian: *Háǰāwšt ~ *Háǰawšat
    - >? Old Avestan: 𐬔𐬁𐬎𐬱 (gāuš, “to increase”, 3sg.s-aor.inj.) (g- under influence of 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoti, “to increase”)? Also interpreted as meaning "to commit a sin", from another root.^[4]^[5])

*gʷow-éye-ti (eye-causative)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gāwáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *gāwáyati
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *Habigāwáyati (see there for further descendants)

*gʷu-néw-ti ~ *gʷu-nw-énti (new-present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gunáwti
  - Proto-Iranian: *gunáwti
    - Avestan: 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoti, “to increase”)
    - Sogdian: [Syriac needed] f (γwnnc, “increasing”, pres.ptc.)^[6]

*gʷow-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gāwas
  - Proto-Iranian: *gāwah (“an increase”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷu-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gutás
  - Proto-Iranian: *gutáh (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gaw-
- Proto-Iranian: *gaw-^[7]^[8]

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g^(u̯)eu̯H- ‘erlangen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 189
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gou̯ə- (oder gau̯ə-? :) gū- ,Hand; ergreifen, einhändigen’”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 403-404
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g^(u̯)eu̯- ‘vermehren’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 188
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gaHu”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 95
^ Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV², page 26: "?*gʰeu̯-"
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “γwnnc”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 175: “γunanč ?”
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*⁵gau- : gū-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 228

[LIV_gueuH-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g^(u̯)eu̯H- ‘erlangen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 189

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gou̯ə- (oder gau̯ə-? :) gū- ,Hand; ergreifen, einhändigen’”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 403-404

[LIV_gueu-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g^(u̯)eu̯- ‘vermehren’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 188

[4] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gaHu”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 95

[5] Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV², page 26: "?*gʰeu̯-"

[6] Gharib, B. (1995), “γwnnc”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 175: “γunanč ?”

[ESIJa-7] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228

[8] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*⁵gau- : gū-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 228

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