Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/márkos
(Redirected from Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/marko-)
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Reconstruction
[edit]The reconstruction at the PIE level is disputed on several grounds:
- limited geographical distribution in Western IE - only present in the Celtic and Germanic branches.
- the presence of rare/disputed PIE phoneme */a/; a reconstruction *mh₂érkos seems untenable.
One theory which does not accept the existence of this PIE word sees the Germanic forms as a borrowing from the Celtic, and those as a loan from Proto-Iranian *márikah (compare Old Persian [script needed] (marika, “male, manly”)), from *máryah (compare Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mairiia, “man; male animal”)); akin to Sanskrit मर्य (márya, “young man; stallion”). If the PIE word did exist, it is probably a Wanderwort across Eurasian languages; see Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ for more.
Noun
[edit]*márkos m (non-ablauting)
- horse (Equus ferus caballus)
- (possibly) wild horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or Equus ferus ferus)
Usage notes
[edit]Possibly denoting only a "wild horse" as opposed to the *h₁éḱwos (“domestic horse”).
Inflection
[edit]Thematic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *márkos | ||
genitive | *márkosyo | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *márkos | *márkoh₁ | *márkoes |
vocative | *márke | *márkoh₁ | *márkoes |
accusative | *márkom | *márkoh₁ | *márkoms |
genitive | *márkosyo | *? | *márkoHom |
ablative | *márkead | *? | *márkomos |
dative | *márkoey | *? | *márkomos |
locative | *márkey, *márkoy | *? | *márkoysu |
instrumental | *márkoh₁ | *? | *márkōys |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Celtic: *markos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *marhaz (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 274