Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/speh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*speh₁-

to succeed, to prosper

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speh₁- (15 c, 0 e)

*spéh₁-ti (athematic root present)^[1]^[2]^[3]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spḗˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spaHti
  - Proto-Iranian: *spaHti (“to satisfy, eat one’s fill”)
    - Northeastern Iranian:
      - Ossetian:
        Digor: ӕфсадун (æfsadun), ӕфсад (æfsad, “to nourish”)
        
        Iron: ӕфсадын (æfsadyn), ӕфсад (æfsad, “to nourish”)
    - Southeastern Iranian:
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (spaiye, “to satisfy, be satisfied”)
      - Sarikoli: [script needed] (spon-) / [script needed] (spond, “to fill, replenish”)
      - Yazghulami: [script needed] (s(ə)pā̆n-) / [script needed] (s(ə)pā̆nt, “to saturate”)
*sph₁-óy-ey ~ *sph₁-y-énti^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: [script needed] (√išpai-ⁱ / √išpi, “to get full, to be filled, to be satiated”):
    𒅖𒉺𒀀𒄿 (iš-pa-a-i, 3sg.pres.act.)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spʰā́yati (or rather *spʰáHyati < *sph₁-éh₁-ye-ti)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *spʰā́yati
    - Sanskrit: स्फायते (sphā́yate, “to grow fat, become bulky, swell, increase, expand”)
*spóh₁-e-ti (o-grade root present)^[4]^[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *spōaną^[4]
  - Proto-West Germanic: *spōan (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-West Germanic: *spōdi (< + *-diz) (see there for further descendants)
*spéh₁-s
- Latin: spēs (see there for further descendants)
*sph₁-rós (“thriving”)^[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *sparaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *spʰirás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *spʰirás
    - Sanskrit: स्फिर (sphirá, “fat”)
- Proto-Italic: *pro-sparos
  - Latin: prosperus (“prosperous, successful”)
- Proto-Slavic: *sporъ (“abundant, lavish”) (see there for further descendants)
*swé-sph₁-t-s^[8]
- Proto-Italic: *swespats
  - Latin: sospes (“safe and sound”)

Unsorted formations

>? Proto-Albanian: *spukja
- Albanian: fuqi, (archaic) fuki

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 420–421
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*spaH-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spōan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 468-469
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spōdi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “prosperus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sospes, -itis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 577

[1] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 420–421

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 464

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*spaH-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350

[Kroonen_spōan--4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spōan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

[5] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 468-469

[Kroonen_spōdi--6] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*spōdi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “prosperus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sospes, -itis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 577

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