Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ánHas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os.

Noun

*ȷ́ánHas n

1. race, group of people

Inflection

neuter as-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́ánHas	*ȷ́ánHasiH	*ȷ́ánHās
vocative	*ȷ́ánHas	*ȷ́ánHasiH	*ȷ́ánHās
accusative	*ȷ́ánHas	*ȷ́ánHasiH	*ȷ́ánHās
instrumental	*ȷ́ánHasaH	*ȷ́ánHazbʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ánHazbʰiš
ablative	*ȷ́ánHasas	*ȷ́ánHazbʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ánHazbʰyas
dative	*ȷ́ánHasay	*ȷ́ánHazbʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ánHazbʰyas
genitive	*ȷ́ánHasas	*ȷ́ánHasHās	*ȷ́ánHasaHam
locative	*ȷ́ánHasi	*ȷ́ánHasHaw	*ȷ́ánHasu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ánHas n
  • Sanskrit: जनस् (jánas)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os.

Noun

*ȷ́ánHas m

1. race, people
2. creature
3. man, human

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́ánHas	*ȷ́ánHā(w)	*ȷ́ánHās(as)
vocative	*ȷ́ánHa	*ȷ́ánHā(w)	*ȷ́ánHās(as)
accusative	*ȷ́ánHam	*ȷ́ánHā(w)	*ȷ́ánHāns
instrumental	*ȷ́ánHaH	*ȷ́ánHaybʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ánHāyš
ablative	*ȷ́ánHāt	*ȷ́ánHaybʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ánHaybʰyas
dative	*ȷ́ánHāy	*ȷ́ánHaybʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ánHaybʰyas
genitive	*ȷ́ánHasya	*ȷ́ánHayās	*ȷ́ánHānaHam
locative	*ȷ́ánHay	*ȷ́ánHayaw	*ȷ́ánHayšu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ánHas m
  • Sanskrit: जन (jána, noun) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *jánHah
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬀 (sruuōzana, “of the race of horned animals”)
  • Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠zang⁠/, “race, sort”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫗𐫃 (zng)

    Syriac script: ܙܢܓ (zng), ܙܢܟ (znk)

  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫗𐫃 (zng /⁠zanag⁠/, “kind, sort”)

  • Northern Kurdish: -jen (as in bûjen, nûjen)
  • Old Median: *zanah
    • → Old Persian: 𐏀𐎴 (zanaʰ)
      • Middle Persian:

        Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫗𐫃 (zng /⁠zanag⁠/, “kind, sort”)

  • → Old Armenian: -զան (-zan)
• → Proto-Permic: *zɔn
  • Komi:
    • Komi-Permyak: зон (zon)
    • Komi-Yazva: зон (zon)
    • Komi-Zyrian: зон (zon)