जन

See also: जान, जानु, जून, and जन॰

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit जन (jána).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒən/, [d͡ʒɐ̃n]

Noun

जन • (jan) m (Urdu spelling جن)

1. (dialectal) person, people (collectively)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:लोग

2. individual

   Synonyms: व्यक्ति (vyakti), शख़्स (śaxs)

Declension

Declension of जन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	जन jan	जन jan
oblique	जन jan	जनों janõ
vocative	जन jan	जनो jano

Derived terms

• जनआंदोलन (janaāndolan)
• जनक्रांति (janakrānti)
• जनगणना (jangaṇnā)
• जनचेतना (jancetnā)
• जनजाति (janjāti)
• जनजातीय (janjātīya)
• जनजीवन (janjīvan)
• जननायक (jannāyak)
• जनपद (janpad)
• जनप्रतिनिधि (janapratinidhi)
• जनमत (janmat)
• जनमतसंग्रह (janmatsaṅgrah)
• जनमानस (janmānas)
• जनविरोधी (janvirodhī)
• जनशक्ति (janśakti)
• जनसंख्या (jansaṅkhyā)
• जनसंघ (jansaṅgh)
• जनसंचार (jansañcār)
• जनसंपर्क (jansampark)
• जनसमस्या (janasmasyā)
• जनसमुदाय (janasmudāy)
• जनसमूह (janasmūh)
• जनसाधारण (jansādhāraṇ)
• जनसामान्य (jansāmānya)
• जनसेवक (jansevak)
• जनसेवा (jansevā)
• जनहित (janhit)
• जनहितैषी (janhitaiṣī)
• जनेंद्र (janendra)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “जन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1682
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “जन”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 231
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “जन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 355
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “जन”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 222.

Old Awadhi

Etymology

From Sanskrit जन (jana).

Noun

जन (jana)

1. people
2. devotee, servant (of Lord)
   • c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Rāmacaritamānasa:

     सुकृति संभु तन बिमल बिभूती। मंजुल मंगल मोद प्रसूती॥
     जन मन मंजु मुकुर मल हरनी। किएँ तिलक गुन गन बस करनी॥2॥

     sukṛti saṃbhu tana bimala bibhūtī. maṃjula maṃgala moda prasūtī.
     jana mana maṃju mukura mala haranī. kiem̐ tilaka guna gana basa karanī.2.

     [The dust of Guru's feet is like] The pure sacred ash from which the virtuous Shiva's body is adorned,
     The begetter of beautiful and auspicious delight.
     The eliminator of filth from the beautiful mirror of the mind of devotee.
     Its Tilaka when applied masters many a virtues.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• jana (Latin script)
• 𑀚𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• জন (Bengali script)
• ජන (Sinhalese script)
• ဇန or ၹၼ (Burmese script)
• ชน or ชะนะ (Thai script)
• ᨩᨶ (Tai Tham script)
• ຊນ or ຊະນະ (Lao script)
• ជន (Khmer script)
• 𑄎𑄚 (Chakma script)

Noun

जन m

1. Devanagari script form of jana

Declension

Declension table of "जन" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	जनो (jano)	जना (janā)
Accusative (second)	जनं (janaṃ)	जने (jane)
Instrumental (third)	जनेन (janena)	जनेहि (janehi) or जनेभि (janebhi)
Dative (fourth)	जनस्स (janassa) or जनाय (janāya) or जनत्थं (janatthaṃ)	जनानं (janānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	जनस्मा (janasmā) or जनम्हा (janamhā) or जना (janā)	जनेहि (janehi) or जनेभि (janebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	जनस्स (janassa)	जनानं (janānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	जनस्मिं (janasmiṃ) or जनम्हि (janamhi) or जने (jane)	जनेसु (janesu)
Vocative (calling)	जन (jana)	जना (janā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জন (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬦ (Balinese script)
• জন (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ဇန (Burmese script)
• જન (Gujarati script)
• ਜਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಜನ (Kannada script)
• ជន (Khmer script)
• ຊນ (Lao script)
• ജന (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଜନ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖡 (Siddham script)
• ජන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚝 (Takri script)
• ஜந (Tamil script)
• జన (Telugu script)
• ชน (Thai script)
• ཛ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas

Sanskrit जन॑

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os. Cognate with Old Persian 𐏀𐎴 (zana, “man; tribe”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬬𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬀 (srvōzana, “belonging to the race of the horned ones”), Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “creation”), French gens (“set of people”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/

Adjective

जन॑ • (jána) stem

1. generating

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जन॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जनः॑ (jánaḥ)	जनौ॑ (jánau) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)	जनाः॑ (jánāḥ) जना॑सः¹ (jánāsaḥ¹)
accusative	जन॑म् (jánam)	जनौ॑ (jánau) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)	जना॑न् (jánān)
instrumental	जने॑न (jánena)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जनैः॑ (jánaiḥ) जने॑भिः¹ (jánebhiḥ¹)
dative	जना॑य (jánāya)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जने॑भ्यः (jánebhyaḥ)
ablative	जना॑त् (jánāt)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जने॑भ्यः (jánebhyaḥ)
genitive	जन॑स्य (jánasya)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जना॑नाम् (jánānām)
locative	जने॑ (jáne)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जने॑षु (jáneṣu)
vocative	जन॑ (jána)	जनौ॑ (jánau) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)	जनाः॑ (jánāḥ) जना॑सः¹ (jánāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of जना॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जना॑ (jánā)	जने॑ (jáne)	जनाः॑ (jánāḥ)
accusative	जना॑म् (jánām)	जने॑ (jáne)	जनाः॑ (jánāḥ)
instrumental	जन॑या (jánayā) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जना॑भिः (jánābhiḥ)
dative	जना॑यै (jánāyai)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जना॑भ्यः (jánābhyaḥ)
ablative	जना॑याः (jánāyāḥ) जना॑यै² (jánāyai²)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जना॑भ्यः (jánābhyaḥ)
genitive	जना॑याः (jánāyāḥ) जना॑यै² (jánāyai²)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जना॑नाम् (jánānām)
locative	जना॑याम् (jánāyām)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जना॑सु (jánāsu)
vocative	जने॑ (jáne)	जने॑ (jáne)	जनाः॑ (jánāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of जन॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जन॑म् (jánam)	जने॑ (jáne)	जना॑नि (jánāni) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)
accusative	जन॑म् (jánam)	जने॑ (jáne)	जना॑नि (jánāni) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)
instrumental	जने॑न (jánena)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जनैः॑ (jánaiḥ) जने॑भिः¹ (jánebhiḥ¹)
dative	जना॑य (jánāya)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जने॑भ्यः (jánebhyaḥ)
ablative	जना॑त् (jánāt)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जने॑भ्यः (jánebhyaḥ)
genitive	जन॑स्य (jánasya)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जना॑नाम् (jánānām)
locative	जने॑ (jáne)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जने॑षु (jáneṣu)
vocative	जन॑ (jána)	जने॑ (jáne)	जना॑नि (jánāni) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Related terms

• उदजन (udajana)
• पुरंजन (puraṃjana)

Noun

जन॑ • (jána) stem, m

1. person, human being, human

   ते जनाः किं वदन्ति?

   te janāḥ kiṃ vadanti?

   What are those people saying?

2. race, people group
3. (used collectively) people; subjects
4. (religion) mortal, common person

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जन॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जनः॑ (jánaḥ)	जनौ॑ (jánau) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)	जनाः॑ (jánāḥ) जना॑सः¹ (jánāsaḥ¹)
accusative	जन॑म् (jánam)	जनौ॑ (jánau) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)	जना॑न् (jánān)
instrumental	जने॑न (jánena)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जनैः॑ (jánaiḥ) जने॑भिः¹ (jánebhiḥ¹)
dative	जना॑य (jánāya)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जने॑भ्यः (jánebhyaḥ)
ablative	जना॑त् (jánāt)	जना॑भ्याम् (jánābhyām)	जने॑भ्यः (jánebhyaḥ)
genitive	जन॑स्य (jánasya)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जना॑नाम् (jánānām)
locative	जने॑ (jáne)	जन॑योः (jánayoḥ)	जने॑षु (jáneṣu)
vocative	जन॑ (jána)	जनौ॑ (jánau) जना॑¹ (jánā¹)	जनाः॑ (jánāḥ) जना॑सः¹ (jánāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• जनपद (janapada, “realms of the Vedic period”)
• दुर्जन (durjana, “bad man”)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀦 (jana)
  • Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡 (jaṇa)
    • Apabhramsa: जण (jaṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

• → Khmer: ជន (cŭən)
• → Telugu: జనుడు (januḍu)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “जन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 410, column 1.