Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Háćwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.

Noun

*Háćwas m

1. horse

   Synonym: *ȷ́ʰáyas

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Háćwas	*Háćwā	*Háćwā, -ās(as)
vocative	*Háćwa	*Háćwā	*Háćwā, -ās(as)
accusative	*Háćwam	*Háćwā	*Háćwāns
instrumental	*Háćwā	*HáćwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*Háćwāyš
ablative	*Háćwāt	*HáćwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*Háćwaybʰyas
dative	*Háćwāy	*HáćwaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*Háćwaybʰyas
genitive	*Háćwasya	*Háćwayās	*Háćwāna(H)m
locative	*Háćway	*Háćwayaw	*Háćwayšu

Derived terms

• *Háćwapatiš
• *Haćwatarás

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háśwas
  • Sanskrit: अश्व (áśva)
    • Dardic:
      • Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)
      • Kalasha: hãš
    • Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)
    • Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)
    • Pali: assa
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)
      • Marwari: अस (as)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)
    • → Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)
    • → Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
    • → Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)
    • → Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
    • → Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
      • → Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)
    • → Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)
    • → Indonesian: aswa
    • → Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)
    • → Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)
    • → Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)
    • → Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)
    • → Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ
    • → Western Cham: اسايه
  • → Hurrian: 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa)
  • → Proto-Nuristani: *ášpa (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *Hácwah (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*ɦɨ[n]čwĭ (~ -ĕ)”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎^[2], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers