अश्व

See also: अश्वा

Hindi

अश्व

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /əʃ.ʋᵊ/, [ɐʃ.ʋᵊ]

Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m (Urdu spelling اشو)

1. (formal) horse

   Synonyms: (more common) घोड़ा (ghoṛā), तुरग (turag)

Declension

Declension of अश्व (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अश्व aśva	अश्व aśva
oblique	अश्व aśva	अश्वों aśvõ
vocative	अश्व aśva	अश्वो aśvo

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m

1. horse

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অশ্ব (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬰ᭄ᬯ (Balinese script)
• অশ্ব (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰫𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• အၐွ (Burmese script)
• અશ્વ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸ਼ੑਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌶𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦯ꧀ꦮ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂬𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಶ್ವ (Kannada script)
• អឝ្វ (Khmer script)
• ອຨ຺ວ (Lao script)
• അശ്വ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡧᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠱᢦ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧋𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐱𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
• ଅଶ୍ଵ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢯ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆯𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖫𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
• අශ‍්ව (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩿 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚧𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
• அஶ்வ (Tamil script)
• అశ్వ (Telugu script)
• อศฺว (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཤྭ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒬𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨮𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /⁠asa⁠/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐɕ.ʋɐ/

Noun

अश्व • (áśva) stem, m

1. horse, stallion
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.57.1:

     क्षेत्र॑स्य॒ पति॑ना व॒यं हि॒तेने॑व जयामसि ।
     गाम्अश्वं॑ पोषयि॒त्न्वा स नो॑ मृळाती॒दृशे॑ ॥

     kṣétrasya pátinā vayáṃ hiténeva jayāmasi .
     gā́máśvaṃ poṣayitnvā́ sá no mṛḷātīdṛ́śe .

     With the master of the field, our friend, we triumph; may he bestow upon us cattle, horses, nourishment, for by such gifts he makes us happy

2. (chess) knight
3. the number "seven" (that being the number of the horses of the sun)
4. Sagittarius

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अश्व (áśva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अश्वः áśvaḥ	अश्वौ / अश्वा¹ áśvau / áśvā¹	अश्वाः / अश्वासः¹ áśvāḥ / áśvāsaḥ¹
Vocative	अश्व áśva	अश्वौ / अश्वा¹ áśvau / áśvā¹	अश्वाः / अश्वासः¹ áśvāḥ / áśvāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अश्वम् áśvam	अश्वौ / अश्वा¹ áśvau / áśvā¹	अश्वान् áśvān
Instrumental	अश्वेन áśvena	अश्वाभ्याम् áśvābhyām	अश्वैः / अश्वेभिः¹ áśvaiḥ / áśvebhiḥ¹
Dative	अश्वाय áśvāya	अश्वाभ्याम् áśvābhyām	अश्वेभ्यः áśvebhyaḥ
Ablative	अश्वात् áśvāt	अश्वाभ्याम् áśvābhyām	अश्वेभ्यः áśvebhyaḥ
Genitive	अश्वस्य áśvasya	अश्वयोः áśvayoḥ	अश्वानाम् áśvānām
Locative	अश्वे áśve	अश्वयोः áśvayoḥ	अश्वेषु áśveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अश्वक (aśvaká)
• अश्वति (aśvati)
• अश्वत्थामन् (aśvatthāman)
• अश्वत्थ (aśvattha)
• अश्वमेध (aśvamedhá)
• अश्वश्चन्द्र (áśvaścandra)
• अश्विन् (aśvin)
• स्वश्व (sváśva)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)
  • Kalasha: hãš
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)
• Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)
• Pali: assa
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)
  • Rajasthani: अस (as)
• → Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ
• → Western Cham: اسايه
• → Hurrian: 𒀸𒋗𒉿
• → Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)

Borrowed terms

Terms borrowed from अश्व (áśva)

• Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)
• Hindi: अश्व (aśva)
• Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva)
• Marathi: अश्व (aśva)
• Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva)
  • Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva)
• Indonesian: aswa
• Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)
• Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya)
• Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)
• Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)
• Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)

References

• “अ॑श्व” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 51, column 2.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अश्व”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 033
• Monier Williams (1899) “अश्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0114, column 3.
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 090
• Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma áśva