अश्व

See also: अश्वा

Hindi

अश्व

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /əʃ.ʋᵊ/

Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m (Urdu spelling اشو‎)

1. (formal) horse

   Synonyms: (more common) घोड़ा (ghoṛā), तुरग (turag)

Declension

Declension of अश्व (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अश्व aśva	अश्व aśva
oblique	अश्व aśva	अश्वों aśvõ
vocative	अश्व aśva	अश्वो aśvo

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).

Noun

अश्व • (aśva) m

1. horse

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬅᬰ᭄ᬯ (Balinese script)
• অশ্ব (Assamese script)
• অশ্ব (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰫𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌅𑌶𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
• અશ્વ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸ਼ੑਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦄꦯ꧀ꦮ (Javanese script)
• អឝ្វ (Khmer script)
• ಅಶ್ವ (Kannada script)
• ອຨ຺ວ (Lao script)
• അശ്വ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠱᢦ (Mongolian script)
• ᠠᡧᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• အၐွ (Burmese script)
• 𑦠𑧋𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐱𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
• ଅଶ୍ଵ (Oriya script)
• ꢂꢯ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆯𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖫𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
• අශ්ව (Sinhalese script)
• అశ్వ (Telugu script)
• อศฺว (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཤྭ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒬𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀‎ (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /asa/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐɕ.ʋɐ/

Noun

अश्व • (áśva) m

1. horse, stallion
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.57.1:

     क्षेत्रस्य पतिना वयं हितेनेव जयामसि ।
     गाम्अश्वं पोषयित्न्वा स नो मृळातीदृशे ॥

     kṣetrasya patinā vayaṃ hiteneva jayāmasi .
     gāmaśvaṃ poṣayitnvā sa no mṛḷātīdṛśe .

     Through the Master of the Field we obtain what nourishes our cow and horse, as if through a friend.
     In such may he be good to us.

2. (chess) knight
3. the number "seven" (that being the number of the horses of the sun)
4. Sagittarius

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अश्व (áśva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अश्वः áśvaḥ	अश्वौ áśvau	अश्वाः / अश्वासः¹ áśvāḥ / áśvāsaḥ¹
Vocative	अश्व áśva	अश्वौ áśvau	अश्वाः / अश्वासः¹ áśvāḥ / áśvāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अश्वम् áśvam	अश्वौ áśvau	अश्वान् áśvān
Instrumental	अश्वेन áśvena	अश्वाभ्याम् áśvābhyām	अश्वैः / अश्वेभिः¹ áśvaiḥ / áśvebhiḥ¹
Dative	अश्वाय áśvāya	अश्वाभ्याम् áśvābhyām	अश्वेभ्यः áśvebhyaḥ
Ablative	अश्वात् áśvāt	अश्वाभ्याम् áśvābhyām	अश्वेभ्यः áśvebhyaḥ
Genitive	अश्वस्य áśvasya	अश्वयोः áśvayoḥ	अश्वानाम् áśvānām
Locative	अश्वे áśve	अश्वयोः áśvayoḥ	अश्वेषु áśveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अश्वक (aśvaká)
• अश्वति (aśvati)
• अश्वत्थामन् (aśvatthāman)
• अश्वत्थ (aśvattha)
• अश्वमेध (aśvamedhá)
• अश्वश्चन्द्र (áśvaścandra)
• स्वश्व (sv-áśva)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Shina: اَںشپوࣿ‎ (ä̃špo)
  • Kalasha: hãš
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)
• Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤‎ (aśpa)
• Pali: assa
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)
  • Rajasthani: अस (as)

Borrowed terms

Terms borrowed from अश्व (áśva)

• Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)
• Hindi: अश्व (aśva)
• Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva)
• Marathi: अश्व (aśva)
• Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva)
  • Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva)
• Indonesian: aswa
• Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)
• Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya)
• Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)
• Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)

References

• “अ॑श्व” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 51, column 2.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “अश्व”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 033
• Monier Williams (1899), “अश्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0114, column 3.
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 090
• Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma áśva