Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/támHas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *témH-os ~ *témH-es-os.

Noun

*támHas n

1. darkness

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• *tamHasás (“dark”)
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tamHasás
    • Sanskrit: तमस (tamasá)
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tamHaháh
    • Avestan: 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (təmaŋha)
• *tamHásriH (“darkness”) (contamination with *támHsram)
  • Proto-Nuristani: *tramášī (metathesis)
    • Northern Nuristani:
      • Kamkata-viri:

        Kamviri: tramšë́ (“twilight”) (< *tramašikā́)

    • Southern Nuristani:
      • Waigali: trëmëšë (“dark, stingy”) (< *tramašikā́)
• *támHaswāns

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *támHas
  • Sanskrit: तमस् (támas) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *támHah
  • Avestan: 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah)
  • Central Kurdish: تەم (tem, “darkness, fog”)
  • Middle Persian: [script needed] (t(w)m /⁠tom⁠/, “darkness”)
    • Persian: تم (tam, “darkness, blackness, cataract”)