तमस्

See also: तामस

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit तमस् (tamas).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /t̪ə.məs/, [t̪ɐ.mɐs]

Noun

तमस् • (tamas) m

1. darkness
2. ignorance, delusion
3. (Hinduism) Tamas (philosophy), one of the three gunas in Hindu philosophy, representing things that are, associated with inertia, ignorance, and materialism.

   Coordinate terms: रजस् (rajas), सत्त्व (sattva)

Declension

Declension of तमस् (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तमस् tamas	तमस् tamas
oblique	तमस् tamas	तमसों tamasõ
vocative	तमस् tamas	तमसो tamaso

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “तमस्”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 2018
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “तमस्”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 280
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “तमस्”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 439

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• তমস্ (Assamese script)
• ᬢᬫᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
• তমস্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰝𑰦𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀢𑀫𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• တမသ် (Burmese script)
• તમસ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਤਮਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌤𑌮𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦠꦩꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂞𑂧𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ತಮಸ್ (Kannada script)
• តមស៑ (Khmer script)
• ຕມສ຺ (Lao script)
• തമസ് (Malayalam script)
• ᢠᠠᠮᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
• 𑘝𑘦𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢐᠠᠮᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦽𑧆𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐟𑐩𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
• ତମସ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢡꢪꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆠𑆩𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖝𑖦𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
• තමස් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩫𑩴𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙𑚢𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
• தமஸ் (Tamil script)
• తమస్ (Telugu script)
• ตมสฺ (Thai script)
• ཏ་མ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒞𑒧𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨙𑨢𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *temH-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *témHos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas

Sanskrit तमस्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah), Persian تم (tam, “cataract”), Lithuanian tamsà (“darkness”), Latin tenebra (“darkness”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐ́.mɐs/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪ɐ.mɐs̪/

Noun

तम॑स् • (támas) stem, n

1. darkness, gloom (also in plural)
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4:

     अ॒ग्निर् जा॒तो अ॑रोचत॒
     घ्नन् दस्यू॒ञ् ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ ।
     अवि॑न्द॒द् गा अ॒पः स्वः॑ ॥

     agnír jātó arocata
     ghnán dásyūñ jyótiṣā támaḥ.
     ávindad gā́ apáḥ svàḥ.

     Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:
     He found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.

2. the darkness of hell, hell or a particular division of hell
3. the obscuration of the sun or moon in eclipses, attributed to Rahu
4. mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error
5. tamas, one of the three qualities or constituents of everything in creation (the cause of heaviness, ignorance, illusion, lust, anger, pride, sorrow, dullness, and stolidity)
6. sin
7. sorrow

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of तम॑स्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तमः॑ (támaḥ)	तम॑सी (támasī)	तमां॑सि (támāṃsi)
accusative	तमः॑ (támaḥ)	तम॑सी (támasī)	तमां॑सि (támāṃsi)
instrumental	तम॑सा (támasā)	तमो॑भ्याम् (támobhyām)	तमो॑भिः (támobhiḥ)
dative	तम॑से (támase)	तमो॑भ्याम् (támobhyām)	तमो॑भ्यः (támobhyaḥ)
ablative	तम॑सः (támasaḥ)	तमो॑भ्याम् (támobhyām)	तमो॑भ्यः (támobhyaḥ)
genitive	तम॑सः (támasaḥ)	तम॑सोः (támasoḥ)	तम॑साम् (támasām)
locative	तम॑सि (támasi)	तम॑सोः (támasoḥ)	तमः॑सु (támaḥsu) तम॑स्सु (támassu)
vocative	तमः॑ (támaḥ)	तम॑सी (támasī)	तमां॑सि (támāṃsi)

Related terms

• तमस्वत् (támasvat)
• तमिस्र (támisra), तमिस्रा (támisrā)

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)
  • Marathi: तंव (tauva)
• Pali: tamo

Borrowed terms

• → English: tamas